Квантовая теория. Курс лекций. Часть 2. Копытин И.В. - 60 стр.

                                                                                                                  ,9

    dl`KdeUPTcb‹=cmBi0ˆsP-mIkpliPTk0}MG 
 k d iGhKglpQcPTcbPjbW>PTPTk Qp b { ²
    S


                                               = w¡ƒ‚¿| † ¨
                                                                      <   h 
 )S ¡ D .-/ ¨Ã     . ¹                        z+*NGF»B}
                                                        = 2
    š { P eGd € l l      b UbPTck  Bd SbKrm @ pglPTk mIeGdQhdmIk J rm SdQcklglccdBšTd¿SPThPr«d { g;z9eGdQkdQhKgR
     cL  P [glpQbKmIbkUdQknrm SPTekhKg )` JQcBd V3S`KdQkcdmIkb (b T`i 
 PTc(b R}MG
              mB`Kb glcKmT9g W:`l)` J1glkBd W>dQp cKg «d { bkYm R p1mIdmIkd RcbbakPTh W>d { bcKg9W>b 
 P-mIeGdBšTd
      hKglpQcdQpQP-mI(b RŠc"kd 
 bKmB`KZ   d SPThrP «d { dQp pQpQPTNh «        b pQc(b % Bd `R'[glca
                                                                                                                d `B@ k J d { bcKgleGdm
       pB@ Wtck G BP G
                                                     = w¡{†Ä| ‚Š¨ = w¡ƒ‚i| † ¨
                                                                           <                      º
                                                              = 2                       = 2
        OLsmIBd SdmIklglpl`KPTc(b R z+N* GF'¯}'5 b z+N* GF»B}'b W>PT6P Wt²
                                                                             /                                                                        A D             .-/
                                                                         .
                                                                                 <
                                                                                        
                                                                                                Ã
                                                                                                       S ¡D      .-/ ¨
                                                                                                                          <
                                                                                                                              [                  ?
                                                                                                                                                                                 B        ¹                                  +*
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              z NGF
}



                    { P                       bKmrSdl`)J9-dQpg K` b [gleGdQc Kh gQmrShP { PI`KPTcb(R                                                                            dl`)JBUW lg cKg²  Y
kQiGhKg
                             B©'¡  ¨
š                                    W:@
                                 h                                SdmIkdRccKgR  ld `)JBUW glcKg'c                                                                            g9`mIdl)` ‹ k cKgRfkP6W:SPThKgm
[
                                                                                                                                                                   
                                'G
         P PThJ`li { P6W m 
 bklglkJ(c 
 kd b(T`i 
 PTcbP®Rpl`RPTkYmR kP6S`KdQpB@
                               ­ 6S                                                                                                                                                                        W    hKglpQcdQpQP-mIc@   W
b(T`i 
 PTcbP6WtcGklgle 
 k d mIdBš)`gQmIcdEldQhWi `KPL½j`glceogUbW>PTP6Wt²
                                                                                                        A D            !
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            +*
                                                                                                          ~   ;                                    
                                                                                     S ¡D       ¨®<                                                             º                                                             z NGF N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     5 }
                                                                                                                                      =
                                                                                          [
                                                                                                                                              h

                             hPrTi )` J klglkPpz+*NGF
}±W>dencdE[g9SbKmTglkJ p Qp b { PB²

                                                              
 [  6$:  ; ! = h   < [ 
                                                              ~                                                                                       A D       .-/                                
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              +* *
                                                           A D .- / 
                                                                                                                                          ?
                                                                                                                                                                         B            h
                                                                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                       º                      z NGF B}



   dQdQkcdBssPTcbP z+*NGF*B} { dl`encdpB@ Sdl`Kc(RkJmR { `RU`)‹`B@t« kP6W:SPThKglkQiGhc { ` R 
 Pm
            H
šTd cPTB d `«d { b W>d b { dmIklglkd 
 cd(c 
 kdB`B@ ²

                                                  < ¹  < ¹
                                                   ~
                                                                                                               z+*NGFQ,}
                                                A D .- /          

                9dQkW>PTkbWtc 
 kd pQkdQhdQP mIdQdQkcdBssPTcbP pz+*NGFQ,} mB`KP { i PTkb(™z+*NGF*B} p5ShP { PI`KP
                          #"
                z
                          |          –}MG



        Î Ü r
         
                 Î
            Ò Ï 4Ê
                          $&.% & /. (8 '
                                       Ï    4ÑÊMÜ ÒrÔƒÖ   /I&('4×Ô%Ü('*)       (Ü%×ÍÌ:1BÏÎÊ ÍÏ.&4Ê4ÐBÔ Ò ÊÒrÏÔ ÒrÏÑÜ%Ô 4
                                                                                                                                  & ÊÖ                                 ,+        ÄÏ(8"Ï.&4ÊŽÏ             -+  ÄÏ(8"ÏÑÜ%Ô 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            & ÊÖ<&Ï*^