Введение в технологию программирования. Ч.1. Среда объектно-ориентированного программирования Delphi. Коржов Е.Н - 10 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

ВГУ | Воронеж

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

10
ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɭɠ-
ɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɜɚɦ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ (ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ) ɤɨɞ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ,
ɧɢɠɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɤɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɚ.
ɋɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ:
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Frms,
Dialogs;
type
TFormI = class(TForm)
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{SR *.DFM}
end.
ɗɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ Delphi ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ, ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɬ. ɟ. ɨɤɧɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ), ɚ
ɨɤɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɵ – ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ. Ɉɛɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ Delphi «ɯɨɡɹɣɧɢɱɚɟɬ» ɜ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ unit Unit1 ɢ implementation.
ɉɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɦɢ {$R *.DFM} ɢ end
ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɧɚ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ (ɫɬɪɨɤɢ), ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɤɧɭ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚ-
ɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɦɢɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɬɭ) ɧɚ
ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ
ɤɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ
. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɧɨ-
ɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ Enter. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ
ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɢ ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɚ, ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ Backspace (ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨ-
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɫ «ɥɟɜɨɣ» ɫɬɪɟɥɤɨɣ). Ʉɥɚɜɢɲɚ
Backspace ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɦɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ
Delete – ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜɫɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɬɟɤ-
ɫɬɚ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɦɢɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɥɚ-
ɜɢɲɭ Ctrl ɢ, ɧɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɟɟ, ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɫ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ Y. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɜɦɟ-
ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɭɠ-
ɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɜɚɦ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ (ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ) ɤɨɞ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ,
ɧɢɠɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɤɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɚ.
      ɋɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ:
      unit Unit1;
      interface
      uses
         Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Frms,
         Dialogs;
      type
         TFormI = class(TForm)
      private
         { Private declarations }
      public
         { Public declarations }
      end;
      var
         Form1: TForm1;
      implementation
         {SR *.DFM}
      end.
     ɗɬɢ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ Delphi ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ
ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ, ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɬ. ɟ. ɨɤɧɚ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ), ɚ
ɨɤɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɵ – ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ. Ɉɛɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ,
ɩɪɢɱɟɦ Delphi «ɯɨɡɹɣɧɢɱɚɟɬ» ɜ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ, ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ
ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ unit Unit1 ɢ implementation.
      ɉɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɦɢ {$R *.DFM} ɢ end
ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɧɚ.
      ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ (ɫɬɪɨɤɢ), ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɤɧɭ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚ-
ɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɦɢɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɬɭ) ɧɚ
ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɟɤɫɬ
ɤɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɧɨ-
ɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ Enter. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɚ
ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɢ ɨɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɚ, ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ Backspace (ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɧɨ-
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ ɫ «ɥɟɜɨɣ» ɫɬɪɟɥɤɨɣ). Ʉɥɚɜɢɲɚ
Backspace ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɦɢɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ
Delete – ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜɫɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɬɟɤ-
ɫɬɚ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɦɢɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɥɚ-
ɜɢɲɭ Ctrl ɢ, ɧɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɟɟ, ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɫ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ Y. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɫɨɜɦɟ-
                                   10

Страницы