Geology. Козлова Е.П. - 18 стр.

      2.8 Прочтите и переведите диалог. Перескажите его

                           Igneous Rocks and their Minerals

A.: Will you tell me what minerals igneous rocks contain?
B.: As a matter of fact all igneous rocks contain metals. For example, iron and
manganese are found in every igneous rocks.
A.: What other metals can be found in igneous rocks?
B.: Well, copper, lead, zinc, nickel and tin are also present in most igneous rocks. In
some rocks one can find even small amounts of gold, silver and platinum.
A.: I wonder in what form those metals occur.
B.: As far as I know, metals occur as constituents of dark-coloured silicates. The
more common metals occur in the form of sulphides and oxides.
A.: Thank you very much for your explanation.
B.: You are welcome.

     2.9 Прочтите и переведите текст. Озаглавьте его. Составьте диалог
на основе прочитанного текста

       The term “reserves” defines the amount of the mineral in a deposits by weight
or volume. The weight of the mineral is expressed in tons or kilograms; the volume in
cubic meters. For instance, coal, iron, manganese, lead, zinc, copper ores are
expressed in tons; gold, platinum and some of the disseminated elements are shown
in kilograms, quarries products – in cubic meters. Ore reserves (with the exception of
ferrous metal ores) are calculated separately for the ore tonnage and for the content of
metal. The calculation of reserves and the study of the deposit are aimed at
determination of :
1) the reserves below the earth’s surface and their distribution by grades;
2) quality of the mineral;
3) properties of the mineral from the technological point of view and the fields of its
industrial application;
4) geological and engineering condition for the proper selection of a mining method;
5) reliability of reserves calculation and study of the deposit to find proper application
of the mineral for industrial needs.

     2.10 Сделайте письменный перевод текста (1200 п.зн. – 45 мин.)

     All the properties of minerals are determined by the composition and internal
atomic arrangement of their elements. Every mineral has a constant composition of
elements in definite proportion. A mineral composition can vary slightly with an
occasional substitution of other elements; but not enough substitutions takes place to
create a new mineral.
       Relatively simple changes took place as the earth cooled from a molten mass.
When we say that the molten earth «cooled», we mean that the ions comprising it
because less active. This decrease in activity permitted many of the ions to respond to
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