Стилистика русского языка и культура речи. Кретов А.А - 51 стр.

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ɬɟɪɩɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬɚɤɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ.
Ⱦɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɭ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɺɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ: ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɜ
ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɫɥɨɜ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɠɚɧɪɵ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɚ:
ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬ, ɫɨɛɨɥɟɡɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ, ɠɚɥɨɛɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɠɚɬ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɨɳɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ.
5 ɲɚɝɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ.
1. Ɉɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ.
Ɂɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ.
Ɂɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ.
ɉɨɦɟɯɢ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
2. Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɚ.
ɉɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ: ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɰɟɥɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ,
ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɟɝɨ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
3. ȼɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɨɦ: ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ,
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɡɚɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɬɟɛɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɛɹ ɯɨɬɹɬ.
4. ɋɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ.
5. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ: ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ (ɞɢɚɥɨɝ,
ɭɫɬɧɨ
).
ɊȿɑȿȼɈȿ ɉɈȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ –
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ – ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ. ɇɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ
ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵ ɜɵɭɱɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, –
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ.
Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
(ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ), ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ,
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ, ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɟ
Ⱦɭɦɵ.
Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɱɢ:
1) ɠɟɫɬɨɜ, ɦɢɦɢɤɢ;
2) ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ: ɡɜɭɱɚɳɟɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ – ɠɢɜɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɦ (ɨɬ ɥɚɬ. Discussum – ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ, ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ):
51
ɬɟɪɩɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬɚɤɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ.
    Ⱦɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɭ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɺɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ: ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɜ
ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɫɥɨɜ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɠɚɧɪɵ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɚ:
ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬ, ɫɨɛɨɥɟɡɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ, ɠɚɥɨɛɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɠɚɬ
ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɨɳɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ.
    5 ɲɚɝɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ.
    1. Ɉɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ.
    Ɂɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ.
    Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ.
    Ɂɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ.
    ɉɨɦɟɯɢ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
    2. Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɚ.
    ɉɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ: ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɰɟɥɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɚ,
ɟɝɨ     ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ      ɞɚɧɧɵɟ,    ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ      ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɟɝɨ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ.
    3. ȼɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɬɨɦ: ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ,
ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɡɚɱɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɬɟɛɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɬɟɛɹ ɯɨɬɹɬ.
    4. ɋɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ.
    5. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
    Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ: ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɭɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ (ɞɢɚɥɨɝ,
ɭɫɬɧɨ).

                    ɊȿɑȿȼɈȿ ɉɈȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ

    Ʉɪɨɦɟ      ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ,      ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ       ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ       ɹɡɵɤɚ –
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ – ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ. ɇɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ
ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵ ɜɵɭɱɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, –
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ.
     Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟ    ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ –   ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ     ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ   ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ      ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ
(ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ), ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ,
ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ.
    ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ, ɡɚɫɟɞɚɧɢɟ
Ⱦɭɦɵ.
    Ɋɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɱɢ:
    1) ɠɟɫɬɨɜ, ɦɢɦɢɤɢ;
    2) ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
    ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ: ɡɜɭɱɚɳɟɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ – ɠɢɜɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɦ (ɨɬ ɥɚɬ. Discussum – ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ, ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ):
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