Современные проблемы промышленного и гражданского строительства на занятиях английского языка. Кузьмина Е.В. - 13 стр.

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UNIT 2

TEXT A. RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

In technically developed countries the building industry, comprising

skilled and unskilled workers in many trades building engineers and architects,

managerial staff and designers employs a considerable proportion, of the

available labour force.

Building industry including residential (public) and industrial

constructiones holds a considerable place in the National Economy and is being

carried on a large scale. It is the largest single industry in the country. The

problems of construction have grown into major, political issues in most

countries.

Housing is prominent, among the factors affecting the level of living. The

improvement of the housing represents a concrete and visible rise in the general

level of living. In many countries residential construction has constituted at

least 12 percent and frequently more than 25 per cent of all capital formation.

The ever growing housing demands have brought to life new methods of

construction with great emphasis upon standardization, new levels of

technological advance utilizing such techniques as offsite prefabrication,

precutting, use of reinforced concrete panels and large-scale site planning. At

present, prefabricated structures and precast elements may be classified into

two principal groups – for residential houses and industrial buildings.

Present-day designs for residential constructions envisage all modern

amenities for a dwelling, they advocate larger, better built and better equipped

flats and houses. There is a marked improvement in the heating and ventilating

systems as well as in hot-water supply, kitchen and sanitary fittings. Many

tenants now can afford better furnishings, refrigerators, washing, machines, etc.

A house which is a physical environment where a family develops is acquiring

a new and modern look.

Industrial buildings comprise another significant type of construction.

This type of construction involves factories, laboratories, food processing