Современные проблемы промышленного и гражданского строительства на занятиях английского языка. Кузьмина Е.В. - 31 стр.

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4. Study the following text and then give it a title:

Concrete – unlike many buildings materials – is equally a framing and an

enclosing material. It can be used to construct a skeleton; it can also be used to

construct a complete weather tight shell of floor, walls and roof. In this respect

it is one of the few total building materials.

It is hardly surprising that for a long time reinforced concrete was treated

in a similar manner to a steel frame, clad in some other material.

Steel needs protection from the external elements and from internal fire;

concrete need neither of these. Steel was a construction material of parts

connected together; concrete could be handled to produce a monolithic structure

including enclosing surfaces.

The present stage of evolution shows and appreciation of concrete as a

total material.

5. Render the text in Russian:

Concrete. Concrete is and artificial stone. It is made by mixing a paste of

cement and water with sand and crushed stone, gravel, or other inert material.

After this plastic mixture is placed in forms, a chemical action takes place and

the mass hardens. Concrete, although strong in compression, is relatively weak

in resisting tensile and shearing stress which develop in structural members. To

overcome this lack of resistance, steel bars are placed in the concrete at the

proper positions, and the result is reinforced concrete. In beams and slabs the

principal function of the concrete is to resist compressive stresses, whereas the

steel bars resist tensile stresses.

6. Render the following in English:

1. Лёгкие бетоны изготовляют на пористых естественных или

искусственных заполнителях. 2. Лёгкие бетоны на пористых заполнителях

применяют для изготовления панелей для стен, плит перекрытий и

конструкций каркаса. 3. Конструкции из легких бетонов следует

применять при отсутствии агрессивных воздействий. 4. Когда

конструкции находятся в агрессивной среде (наличие агрессивных газов,