Основы теории английского языка. Листунова Е.И. - 96 стр.

SYNTAX




           The Simple Sentence.
        Structure of the Sentence.
      Principal Parts of the Sentence
                            THE SUBJECT

      1. The subject and the predicate are the two princi pal parts of a
two-member sentence.
      The subject is grammatically independent of any other part of
the sentence.The second princi pal part of the sentence-the predicate
agrees with the subject in person and number.
      2. The subject is expressed by a noun-word denoting the thing (in
the widest sense of the word) characterized by the predicate as toils
action state or quality:
      The train stopped... (Galsworthy). They walked on for some
time... (Dickens). The snow turned into a cold rain (London). The sky
was starry (Galsworthy).
      Owing to the scantiness of inflexions for person and number in
the verb, the subject is, as a rule, expressed in the English language:
      Shall you come to see me to-morrow? — Yes, I shall.
      Compare with corresponding sentences in Russian where the
subject is often omitted:
      Ïðèäåòå êî ìíå çàâòðà? — Äà, ïðèäó.
      Occasionally the subject may also be omitted in colloquial English:
      Pleasant youth, young Lennan; hope he won’t bore us out there
(Galsworthy) (The subject I is omitted here). Haven’t seen you for
ages (Galsworthy).
      3. The subject may be expressed by:
      a) A noun in the common case:
      ...The gardens glow with flowers... (Gissing). A little lighthouse
began to shine (Gissing).

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