Химия. Лобачева Г.К. - 25 стр.

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— 25 —
Äåñÿòü d-ýëåêòðîíîâ, íà÷èíàÿ îò Sc äî Zn, ïðèíàäëåæàò ê
ïåðåõîäíûì ýëåìåíòàì.
Cr — Z = 24, 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
5
4s
1
Cu — Z = 29, 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
1
Kr — Z = 36, 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4p
6
Ñõåìà ïîñòðîåíèÿ ýëåêòðîííûõ óðîâíåé
Íîìåð ×èñëî
ïåðèîäà ýëåêòðîíîâ
Çàïîëíåíèå ïîäóðîâíåé
1 2 s
1
s
2
2 8 s
1
s
2
p
1
•
•
•
•
p
6
3 8
s
1
s
2
p
1
• • • •
p
6
4 18 s
1
s
2
d
1
• • • • • •
d
10
p
1
• • •
p
6
5 18 s
1
s
2
d
1
d
2
• • • • • •
d
10
p
1
• • •
p
6
6 32 s
1
, s
2
, d
1
, f
2
, •,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•, f
14
, d
2
, d
3
,•,•,•,•,•,•,d
10
,
p
1
, p
2
,•,•,•, p
6
7 18 s
1
, s
2
, d
1
, f
2
, •,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•, f
14
, d
2
íåîêîí÷åííûé
ïåðèîä 104 ýëåìåíòà
1s 2
2sp 8
3spd 18
4spdf 32
Lu
71
)
2
)
8
)
18
)
32
)
9
)
1
s sp spd spdf spd s
1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
6
3d
10
4s
2
4p
6
4d
10
4f
14
5s
2
p
6
d
1
6s
2
âêëèíèâàíèå f-ýëåêòðîíîâ 14
âêëèíèâàíèå d-ýëåêòðîíîâ äî d
10
     Äåñÿòü d-ýëåêòðîíîâ, íà÷èíàÿ îò Sc äî Zn, ïðèíàäëåæàò ê
ïåðåõîäíûì ýëåìåíòàì.
     Cr — Z = 24,    1s22s22p63s23p63d 54s1
     Cu — Z = 29,    1s22s22p63s23p63d 104s1
     Kr — Z = 36,    1s22s22p63s23p63d 104s24p6

           Ñõåìà ïîñòðîåíèÿ ýëåêòðîííûõ óðîâíåé
 Íîìåð      ×èñëî
ïåðèîäà    ýëåêòðîíîâ
                                Çàïîëíåíèå ïîäóðîâíåé

1          2                      s1                                     s2


2          8              s1      s2           p1            •           •             •       •        p6

3          8             s1      s2        p1            •           •             •       •       p6

                        âêëèíèâàíèå d-ýëåêòðîíîâ äî d10

4          18       s1 s2 d1 •         •       •        •        •       • d10 p •
                                                                                1
                                                                                                   •     • p
                                                                                                             6


                 s1 s d1 d2 •              •        •       •        •    • d10 p •                •     • p
                     2                                                           1                          6
5          18

                         âêëèíèâàíèå f-ýëåêòðîíîâ 14
6         32 s1, s2, d 1, f 2, •,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•, f 14, d 2, d 3,•,•,•,•,•,•,d 10,
             p1, p2,•,•,•, p6
7         18 s1, s2, d 1, f 2, •,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•,•, f 14, d 2 íåîêîí÷åííûé
             ïåðèîä 104 ýëåìåíòà
    1s         2
    2sp        8
    3spd       18
    4spdf      32
    Lu71         )2        )8          )18                  )32               )9           )1
                s         sp           spd              spdf              spd              s
    1s22s22p63s23p63d 104s24p64d 104f 145s2p6d 16s2


                                       — 25 —

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