Английский для бакалавров. Макеева М.Н - 34 стр.

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34
COMPUTER VIRUSES
A computer virus is a computer program that is written by a malicious author. They spread by
copying themselves, then transferring on to other computers. A computer virus can do anything from
popping up a short message to wiping key files so your computer doesn't work. The "ILOVEYOU" virus
(infect) ____ up to 45 million computers, causing £7 billion worth of damage world-wide.
There are many kinds of virus, all work in slightly different ways.
Worms. These viruses spread via computer networks. The ILOVEYOU virus above was a classic
example of a worm. These viruses are becoming an increasing threat as a growing number of computers
are permanently connected to networks. Worms can spread over corporate networks or via emails sent
over the Internet.
Trojans. A Trojan virus takes its name from a story in Homer's Iliad where Greek soldiers (pretend)
____ to make peace with their enemies, the Trojans. First they (not know) ____how to do it. But then the
Greeks (make) ____ a grand peace-keeping gesture – the gift of a large wooden horse. When the Trojans
(haul) ____ inside their city gates, a small band of Greek warriors (leap) ____ out. They (open) ____ the
gates and (let) ____ the rest of the Greek army storm in to capture the city. A Trojan virus is one that
opens your computer up to malicious intruders, allowing them to read your files.
File viruses. A file virus is one that replaces a key system file on your computer. These viruses can
reload themselves every time you start your computer up. Once they're in the memory, they can spread by
writing themselves to any disk you insert into your disk drive.
Boot sector viruses. This was an early type of computer virus that (spread) ____ by hiding itself in
an invisible location on your hard drive or floppy disk. While a computer (read) ____ an infected floppy
disk, the virus was copied from the disk to the computer's memory.
From there, it wrote itself to the 'boot sector' on your hard drive. The boot sector was read each time
you turn your computer. So the virus is constantly reloaded and co copy itself on to other floppy disks.
These viruses are fairly rare nowadays, as they are easy to catch.
Macroviruses. A macrovirus infects word processor files, such as Microsoft Word documents.
Although not as dangerous as other viruses, they can spread quickly if a Word file is sent via email. After
an initial scare, Microsoft (add) ____ protection into later versions of Word, so you receive a warning
about infected documents.
Hoaxes. The virus hoax (come) ____ about after friends (send) ____ each other emails about a new
virus threat. Someone (decide) ____that they (can) ____ cause just as much trouble by sending out fake
warnings rather than real viruses.
Hoaxes may seem harmless, but they do a great deal of damage to the Internet as a whole. Not only
do they slow down traffic and clog up email servers, but they also cause people to panic. Companies can
spend money and time investigating what is just someone's idea of a joke. So the virus is constantly
reloaded and co copy itself on to other floppy disks. These viruses are fairly rare nowadays, as they are
easy to catch.
8.
There are many kinds of virus, all work in slightly different ways.
Read this information and discuss the six questions below.
Put the verbs into the correct tenses (Past simple or Past continuous).
7. Imagi
ne yourself a computer in ten years.
Add some more characteristic features of a
perfect computer. Make up a dialogue
using
the material above.

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