Английский для бакалавров. Макеева М.Н - 46 стр.

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46
The mobile phone manufacturers can be grouped into two. The top five are available in practically
all countries and comprise
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about 75% of all phones sold – Nokia, Motorola, Samsung, Sony Ericsson
and LG. A second tier of small manufacturers exists with phones mostly sold only in specific regions or
for niche markets – Apple Inc., Audiovox (now UT Starcom), Benefon, BenQ-Siemens, High Tech
Computer Corporation (HTC), Fujitsu, Kyocera, LG Mobile, Mitsubishi, NEC, Neonode, Panasonic
(Matsushita Electric), Pantech Curitel, Philips, Research In Motion, Sagem, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens,
Sierra Wireless, T&A Alcatel, Toshiba and Verizon.
Several countries, including the UK, now have more mobile phones than people. There are over five
hundred million active mobile phone accounts in China, as of 2007. Luxembourg has the highest mobile
phone penetration rate in the world, at 164% in December 2001. In Hong Kong the penetration rate
reached 117% of the population in September 2004. The total number of mobile phone subscribers in the
world was estimated at 2.14 billion in 2005. The subscriber count reached 3.7 billion by end of 2010
according to Informa.
Around 80% of the world's population enjoys mobile phone coverage as of 2006. This figure is
expected to increase to 95% by the year 2011.
At present Africa has the largest growth rate of cellular subscribers in the world, its markets
expanding nearly twice as fast as Asian markets. On a numerical basis, India is the largest growth
market, adding about 6 million cell phones every month. With 156.31 million cell phones, market
penetration in the country is still low at 17.45% India expects to reach 500 million subscribers by end of
2010.
In less than twenty years the mobile telephone has gone from being rare
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, expensive equipment of
the business elite to a pervasive, low-cost personal item. Given the high levels of societal mobile
telephone service penetration, it is a key means for people to communicate with each other.
The SMS feature spawned
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the "texting" culture. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS
text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely-used data service.
Many telephones offer Instant Messenger services for simple, easy texting. Mobile phones have
Internet service, offering text messaging via e-mail. In Europe 30 – 40 per cent of internet access is via
mobile telephone. Most mobile internet access is much different from computer access and mobile
internet access is hurried and short.
Mobile telephone use etiquette is an important matter of social discourtesy, phones ringing during
funerals, weddings, in toilets, cinemas and plays. Users often speak loudly, leading to book shops,
libraries, bathrooms, cinemas, doctors'offices. Some new buildings, such as auditoriums, have installed
wire mesh
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in the walls (making it a Faraday cage) which prevents signal penetration.
Trains, particularly those involving long-distance services, often offer a "quiet car" where phone use
is prohibited, much like the designated
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non-smoking car in the past. However many users tend to ignore
this as it is rarely enforced. Mobile phone use on aircraft is also prohibited and many airlines claim in
their in-plane announcements that this prohibition is due to possible interference with aircraft radio
communications. Shut-off mobile phones do not interfere with aircraft avionics. The nuisance
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of
telephones on while aeroplanes take off and land, is that they disrupt the ground mobile telephone
networks.
As customers want to be connected on planes, now several airlines are experimenting with base
station and antenna systems installed to the aeroplane, allowing low power, short-range connection of
any phones aboard to remain connected to the aircraft's base station. Thus, they would not attempt
connection to the ground base stations as during take off and landing.
In a similar vein, signs are put up in UK petrol stations prohibiting the use of mobile phones, due to
possible safety issues. Most schools in the United States have prohibited mobile phones in the classroom,
due to the large number of class disruptions that result from their use, the potential for cheating via text
messaging, and the possibility of photographing someone without consent. In the UK possession of a
mobile phone in an examination can result in immediate disqualification from that subject or from all that
student's subjects.
*Nippon – Ниппон – японское название Японии (Japan); **Nordic – нордический, скандинавский.

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