Английский для бакалавров. Макеева М.Н - 5 стр.

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An inventor is a person who creates or discovers new methods, means or devices for performing a
task. The word "inventor" comes from the Latin verb invenire, invent-, to find. Inventors may be inspired to
invent through a desire to create something new or better, simple altruism, or for competitive or commercial
reasons. An invention may also result from a combination of these motivating factors. Although many
inventors may have in mind the commercialization of their product, very few will guarantee
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the funding
and support often needed to develop and launch a product in the marketplace, and fewer still will experience
lasting commercial success or the economic reward they may have expected. Entrepreneurship
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and an
awareness of the demands of a changing marketplace are typical characteristics of successful inventors.
An invention is an object, process, or technique which displays an element of novelty
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. An invention
may sometimes be based on earlier developments, collaborations
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or ideas, and the process of invention
requires at least the awareness that an existing concept or method can be modified or transformed into an
invention. However, some inventions also represent a radical breakthrough in science or technology which
extends the boundaries
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of human knowledge. Over time, humanity invented objects and methods for
accomplishing
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tasks which fulfill some purpose in a new or different manner, usually with the objective of
realizing that purpose in a faster, more efficient, easier or cheaper way.
Although a new or useful object or method may be developed to fulfill a specific purpose, the original
idea may never be fully realised as a working invention, perhaps because the concept is in some way
unrealistic or impractical. On the other hand, any barriers to implementation
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may simply be an issue
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of
engineering or technology which can be overcome in time with scientific advances. History is also replete
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with examples of ideas which have taken some time to reach physical reality, as demonstrated by various
ideas originally attributed
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to Leonardo da Vinci which are now expressed in everyday physical form.
5. Read and translate the following extract into Russian and retell it.
1. To guarantee (v) – гарантировать, обеспечивать; Syn.: assure, warrant, certify, secure.
All our electric motors are guaranteed for one year. – У всех наших двигателей гарантия год.
2. Entrepreneurship (n) – предпринимательство, предприимчивость.
Entrepreneurship is a typical characteristic of highly successful inventor. – Предприимчивость – типичная
характеристика преуспевающего изобретателя.
Commercial enterprise – коммерческое предприятие;
entrepreneurial (adj) – антрепренёрский.
This manager has a strong entrepreneurial spirit. – У этого менеджера антрепренёрский склад ума.
3. Novelty (n) – новизна, инновация; Syn.: news, innovation.
In the contemporary western world, rapidly changing styles cater to a desire for novelty and individualism. –
В современном западном мире быстро меняющаяся мода – это дань стремлению к новизне и
индивидуализму.
4. Collaboration (n) – сотрудничество, участие, совместная работа; Syn.: co-operate.
An invention may sometimes be based on collaborations. – Иногда изобретение является результатом
совместной работы.

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