Экология сегодня. Макеева М.Н - 22 стр.

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turbines, which convert their energy into electricity. Commercial wind energy is usually collected by wind
"farms" essentially consisting of hundreds of wind turbines (windmills) spread over large plots of land.
But hydroelectric power is harnessed in several different methods. The most popular is through dams, such
as the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River. Another form of hydroelectric energy is tidal power. In use since the
early 1900s, tidal power stations collect the energy created by the rise and fall of the tides to convert to electric-
ity.
Biomass energy, or energy from burning plants and other organic matter, is one of man’s earliest sources of
energy. Wood was once the main source of power for heat, and it still is in many developing countries. Most
people in developed countries use wood only for aesthetic purposes or secondary heating, limited mainly to
fireplaces and decorative woodstoves. Roughly, one to two billion people in the developing nations still use
wood as their primary source of heat. It is this group that is seen being among the first to convert to solar heat-
ing and energy because there is no other existing infrastructure to hinder its development.
Words and Expressions:
− solar – солнечный
− complacency – удовлетворенность, самоуспокоенность
− fossil – ископаемое, окаменелость
− non-renewable – невосстановимый, невозобновляемый
− combustible – воспламеняемый, горючий
− dinosaur – динозавр
− peat – торф, брикет торфа, цвет торфа
− lignite – лигнит, бурый уголь
− to split – раскалывать, расщеплять, трескаться, разбивать на части
− to unleash – развязать, высвобождать, дать волю
− irreparable – неисправимый, непоправимый, безвозвратный
− combustion – горение, возгорание, сжигание
− prolific – изобилующий, богатый
− to impede – мешать, препятствовать, быть помехой чему-либо
− spill – проливание, разливание
− to devastate – истощать, опустошать, разорять
− to pursuit – преследование, гонение, погоня
− viable – жизнеспособный
− to eclipse – затмевать, превосходить, заслонять
− emission – выделение, распространение
− prohibitive – запрещающий, препятствующий
− turbine – турбина
− dam – дамба, плотина, насыпь, запруда
− aesthetic – эстетический
− to hinder – задерживать, затруднять, мешать, препятствовать
Exercises on the Text:
Answer the following questions.
1. What traditional sources of energy can you name?
2. How will you explain the term "alternative energy"?
3. What kind of fossil fuels do we mostly depend on for our energy needs?
4. During which period did the major groups of animals first appear on Earth?
5. How is nuclear energy generated?
Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.
1. Энергия солнца, сила ветра и движение воды – это традиционные источники альтернативной
энергии, прогрессирующие в настоящее время.

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