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3
Word-Formation
Definitions of Principal Concepts
Morpheme, the smallest (ultimate) recurrent unit of the system of
expression directly related to a corresponding unit of the system of content.
Root, the semantic nucleus of a word with which no grammatical
properties of the word are connected.
Stem, that part of a word which remains unchanged throughout its
paradigm and to which grammatical inflexions and affixes are added.
Morphological segmentation (morphological divisibility), the ability of a
word to be divided into such elements as root, stem, and affix (affixes).
Lexical morpheme, generalized term for root and derivational morphemes,
as expressing lexical meanings in contrast to flexional (morphemes) that express
grammatical meanings.
Derivational morpheme, an affixal morpheme which, when added to the
stem modifies the lexical meaning of the root and forms a new word.
Word-formation, the process of forming words by combining root and
affixal morphemes according to certain patterns specific for the language.
Word-forming pattern, a structural and semantic formula, displaying a
sequence of elements which is regularly reproduced in speech.
Derivation (affixation), such word-formation where the target word is
formed by combining a stem and affixes.
Compounding (composition), such word-formation where the target word
is formed by combining two or more stems.
Compound derivative (derivational compound), the result of
parasynthetic word-formation, i.e. a word which is formed by a simultaneous
process of derivation and composition.
Productivity, ability to form new words which are understood by the
speakers of a language.
Productive, able to form new words which are understood by the speakers
of a language.
Potential word, a derivative or a compound word which does not actually
exist (i.e. has not appeared in any text), but which can be produced at any moment
in accordance with the productive word-forming patterns of the language.
Polyfunctionality, the functional shift of lexical-grammatical
characteristics of certain words as a result of their ability to be used as different
parts of speech.
Lexicalisation, the development by a newly formed item new semantics
contrasted with the meaning of the underlying base.
Conversion (internal derivation, derivation without affixation), a
special type of derivation where the word-forming means is the paradigm of the
word itself, i.e. derivation which is achieved by bringing a stem into a different
formal paradigm.
3
Word-Formation
Definitions of Principal Concepts
Morpheme, the smallest (ultimate) recurrent unit of the system of
expression directly related to a corresponding unit of the system of content.
Root, the semantic nucleus of a word with which no grammatical
properties of the word are connected.
Stem, that part of a word which remains unchanged throughout its
paradigm and to which grammatical inflexions and affixes are added.
Morphological segmentation (morphological divisibility), the ability of a
word to be divided into such elements as root, stem, and affix (affixes).
Lexical morpheme, generalized term for root and derivational morphemes,
as expressing lexical meanings in contrast to flexional (morphemes) that express
grammatical meanings.
Derivational morpheme, an affixal morpheme which, when added to the
stem modifies the lexical meaning of the root and forms a new word.
Word-formation, the process of forming words by combining root and
affixal morphemes according to certain patterns specific for the language.
Word-forming pattern, a structural and semantic formula, displaying a
sequence of elements which is regularly reproduced in speech.
Derivation (affixation), such word-formation where the target word is
formed by combining a stem and affixes.
Compounding (composition), such word-formation where the target word
is formed by combining two or more stems.
Compound derivative (derivational compound), the result of
parasynthetic word-formation, i.e. a word which is formed by a simultaneous
process of derivation and composition.
Productivity, ability to form new words which are understood by the
speakers of a language.
Productive, able to form new words which are understood by the speakers
of a language.
Potential word, a derivative or a compound word which does not actually
exist (i.e. has not appeared in any text), but which can be produced at any moment
in accordance with the productive word-forming patterns of the language.
Polyfunctionality, the functional shift of lexical-grammatical
characteristics of certain words as a result of their ability to be used as different
parts of speech.
Lexicalisation, the development by a newly formed item new semantics
contrasted with the meaning of the underlying base.
Conversion (internal derivation, derivation without affixation), a
special type of derivation where the word-forming means is the paradigm of the
word itself, i.e. derivation which is achieved by bringing a stem into a different
formal paradigm.
