Психология зависимости. Макушина О.П. - 15 стр.

ɛɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɦ (ɫɢɦɩɬɨɦ Ʌɢɩɦɚɧɚ). ȼ
ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɥɢɪɢɹ ɫ ɝɢɩɧɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ.
      ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɝɚɥɥɸɰɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ
ɢɥɥɸɡɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɵ, ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵ, ɜ ɫɬɪɚɯɟ
ɢ ɹɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɭɦɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɟ ɦɭ-
ɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ, ɫɬɪɹɯɢɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɞɟ-
ɥɢɪɢɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɝɪɟɡɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣ-
ɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɬɨ ɥɭɱɟɣ, ɪɚɞɢɨɜɨɥɧ, ɧɚɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɡɥɨɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɢɤɚ-
ɦɢ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚɦɢ.
      ɇɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ.
      ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɦɚɬɨɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ: ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɟ-
ɥɚ, ɩɨɤɪɚɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɯɨɠɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɬɪɨ-
ɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɫɫɨɧɧɢɰɚ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɬɪɟɦɨɪ ɪɭɤ, ɝɨ-
ɥɨɜɵ, ɜɵɫɭɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɷɩɢɥɟɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɩɚɞɤɢ.
      ɉɫɢɯɨɡ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 2 ɞɨ 5 ɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩ-
ɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɚ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɦɩɬɨ-
ɦɵ ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸɬ, ɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɧɹɬ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɠɢɬɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ –
ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɟɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɧɟ
ɫɤɥɨɧɧɵ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɵɦ ɝɚɥ-
ɥɸɰɢɧɚɬɨɪɧɨ-ɛɪɟɞɨɜɵɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ
ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɜɲɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨ-
ɜɨɣ ɛɪɟɞɚ.
      Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨ-
ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. ɍ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɡɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ. ɍ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ
ɪɟɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɨɢ ɢ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɡɵ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹ-
ɧɢɢ ɩɨɯɦɟɥɶɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɜ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɱɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɭɢɰɢɞɨɜ ɭ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɟɦ,
ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ. ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ
ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɢɫɬɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ
ɤɚɤ ɥɠɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɟɪɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɧɭɲɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɹɡ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɤɟɬɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɥɟɝɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɶɹɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɹɲɥɢɜɵɦɢ, ɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɨ ɨɞɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɯɨɬɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɟɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɨɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɫɩɭ-
ɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɧɫɬɢɧɤɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɝɚɫɚ-
ɟɬ. ɀɟɧɳɢɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɸɬ ɡɚɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɞɟɬɹɯ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ, ɫɬɪɚ-
ɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɡɦɨɦ, ɦɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɠɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɠɢ-
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