English for Masters in Economics. Маркушевская Л.П - 68 стр.

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Университет ИТМО | Санкт-Петербург

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68
to details, or inuence people. What’s needed is to identify those who have
the right behavioral traits that might make them good PMs and then give
them experience. If an organization uses the concept of competencies to
describe its roles, it should incorporate the ability to anticipate, attend to
details, and inuence people as competencies that apply to project manag-
ers. If succession planning is in place, the same competencies should help
identify future project management stars. Potential PMs can be tasked with
managing low-risk, temporary projects, ideally with the help of mentors.
An example might be as simple as preparing a report that requires a number
of people working together — someone who gathers data and enters it into
a spreadsheet, someone who creates mathematical and statistical formulas,
and someone with writing skills. A prospective PM could cut his or her
teeth on this project as a way of gaining experience and testing behavioral
skills. As potential PMs demonstrate behavioral competencies, they can
then be trained in the technical skills needed to become full-edged project
managers.
Task 1. Decide on the meaning of the following modal verbs and expressions

Must, might, should, be able to, must not, need to, be to, is needed to,
have to
Possibility Obligation Prohibition Recommendation
Task 2. Fill in the gaps with the words from the previous task.
1. Businesses ________ understand this if they want to develop
reliable project management.
2. Planning skills ______require the usage of appropriate software.
3. Agoodprojectmanager________beweakandinefcientbecause
he is supposed to be ready for all contingencies.
4. The CEO _______ kept informed of progress as well as the
shareholders.
5. It________toidentifythetaskstobemaderstthing.
6. Being a good PM means _________ to delegate tasks and to
evaluate priorities.
7. Prospective PMs _______ chosen basing on their previous
performance.
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Task 6.
a) Study the vocabulary we use to describe graph trends and discuss
the information on graphs in the English-speaking business world
you may have to.
Going Up
– rose
– increased
– went up
– grew
Going Down
– decreased
– fell
– dropped
– declined
No Change
– stayed the
same
– remained
constant
– levelled
off
– stabilised
Up and Down
– uctuated
– zig-zagged
– uttered
– undulated
Small Changes – Adjectives / Adverbs
– gently
– gradually
– slightly
– steadily
Big Changes – Adverbs / Adjectives
– suddenly
– sharply
– dramatically
– steeply
– a lot
Low Points
– bottomed out
– reached a low
b) Take a look at the following graph about auto production by year

second bar is the USA).
c) Describe the graph using the expressions above and below:
-thechart;
-thebluebarinthechart;
-toshowthesoaring;
-tocompareautoproductionin;
-thelargestcarmarketintheworld;
-over40%;
-tobeproducedin;
-tobemadedomestic
automakers;
-carproduction;
-autosales;
- the annual production.

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