Составители:
Рубрика:
132
Step 1: Project goals
A project is successful when the needs of the stakeholders have been met.
A stakeholder is anybody directly, or indirectly impacted by the project.
As a rst step, it is important to identify the stakeholders in your project.
It is not always easy to identify the stakeholders of a project, particularly
those impacted indirectly. Examples of stakeholders are:
– The project sponsor.
– The customer who receives the deliverables.
– The users of the project outputs.
– The project manager and project team.
Once you understand who the stakeholders are, the next step is to
nd out their needs. The best way to do this is by conducting stakeholder
interviews. Take time during the interviews to draw out the true needs
that create real benets. Often stakeholders will talk about needs that
aren’t relevant and don’t deliver benets. These can be recorded and set
as a low priority.
The next step, once you have conducted all the interviews, and have a
comprehensive list of needs is to prioritize them. From the prioritized list,
create a set of goals that can be easily measured. A technique for doing this
is to review them against the SMART
∗
principle. This way it will be easy to
know when a goal has been achieved.
Once you have established a clear set of goals, they should be recorded in
the project plan. It can be useful to also include the needs and expectations
of your stakeholders.
This is the most difcult part of the planning process completed. It's time
to move on and look at the project deliverables.
Step 2: Project deliverables
Using the goals you have dened in step 1, create a list of things the
project needs to deliver in order to meet those goals. Specify when and how
each item must be delivered.
Add the deliverables to the project plan with an estimated delivery date.
More accurate delivery dates will be established during the scheduling
phase, which is next.
Step 3: Project schedule
Create a list of tasks that need to be carried out for each deliverable identi-
ed in step 2. For each task identify the following:
81
Task 2. Decide whether these sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1. Moneyisdenedasanycommodityortokenthatisgenerally
accepted as payment of goods and services.
2. In most countries, one can identify three «types of money»: coins,
bank deposits and gold.
3. The total value of all the money in a country at a given point in
time is called the monetary economy and this is an important
macroeconomic variable.
4. If you have money in an account in a bank and a debit card, you
cannot pay for goods and service using the card in most places.
5. USD is money in the United States but not in the U.K.
6. Gold was money in some countries in the middle ages and today gold
is still money.
7. Without money we would live in a barter economy where we would
have to trade goods and services for other goods and services.
Task 3. Give your own explanation of the following.
- Bankdeposit
- Amediumofexchange
- Monetaryeconomy
- Bartereconomy
Task 4. Check out how much you know about money and where it comes
from in this quick quiz.
1. Which person has never had their portrait on US currency?
a) George Washington
b) Ben Franklin
c) Ulysses S. Grant
d) Andrew Johnson
2. Whose signature appears on US currency?
a) TheVice-President’s
b) The Secretary of Treasury’s
c) Abraham Lincoln
d) Speaker of the House
3. Whatwassomeoftherstmoneymadefrom?
a) paper
b) banana leaves
c) shells
d) metal
4. What was the name of money in the UK before 1971?
a) punts, shillings and pence
e) pounds, shillings and ounces
f) pounds, shells and pence
g) pounds, shillings and pence
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 79
- 80
- 81
- 82
- 83
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
