English for Masters. Маркушевская Л.П - 17 стр.

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Университет ИТМО | Санкт-Петербург

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17
• substitute - заменять, использовать вместо чего-л.
• overwhelming - огромный; несметный
• valve - клапан; вентиль; золотник; затвор; створка
• threshold - порог, пороговая величина
• tap - затычка, пробка, втулка, кран
• exciton – экситон
Task 1. Match the beginning of the sentences with their endings.
1. The transistor, invented in 1925, a) to control the flow of electrons in
electrical signals.
2. Transistors are used b) the fundamental building block of
almost all electronic equipment
today.
3. The transistor is c) heralded a new era in technology.
4. Another way of seeing transistors
is
d) to amplify or attenuate an
incoming electrical signal
depending on a controlling, lower-
intensity current.
5. The job of the transistor is,
therefore,
e) as a binary switch: for example, an
open gate can be encoded as a
digital 1 and a closed gate as a
digital 0.
Task 2. Explain in your own words “electron transistor operation”.
Task 3. Find the antonyms for the following adjectives:
Major, common, single, actual, fast, low, difficult, correct, efficient.
Task4. Find in the text the expression or the word that means:
• began to move or travel faster;
• modern;
• unwanted transfer of signals between communication channels;
• dramatic and important discovery or development.
Task 5. Fill in the blanks with suitable articles, if necessary:
1. … low-intensity electrical power is able to make … transistor function as …
gate that controls another incoming electrical signal of … greater intensity, in
… same way that … valve controls … water flow from … tap. When … first

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