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21
Task 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form using the Passive Voice.
1. In order to show the single molecule optical transistor at work, two laser
sources (need).
2. An electron, after (perturb) by a photon with the proper energy, emits a second
photon with the same phase, frequency, polarization, and direction of travel as
the original.
3. It is not clear how wiring at the nanoscale could (achieve) in order to make
such optical transistors communicate between them.
4. As this work shows, there is still a lot to do in these days in nanophotonics
before electronics (substitute) by all-optical circuits.
5. The same holds for the first laser which filled an entire room and (consider)
completely useless in the early days.
6. When the first electronic transistor (develop) it was huge and it seemed
impossible that a centimeter size object ever (scale) down and become as
useful as it is today.
7. What followed is history: transistors are the heart of modern electronics, and
lasers (use) for surgery, CD players, bar code scanners, and much more.
Task 5. Use the most suitable linking word (however, even though, moreover,
therefore, in fact, i.e.) for each gap.
1. ..., obtaining stimulated emission from a molecule with good efficiency, "is
tricky from the experimental point of view," Sandoghdar points out.
2. … this efficiency might sound very low, Diederik S. Wiersma, leading the
group of Optics of Complex Systems at LENS, explains that "you need to
compare this result to other non-linear effects where usually not more than one
photon out of a million is affected”.
3. The low temperature, fundamental in our experiment, is another issue for real
applications and, …, a higher efficiency will be needed; may be atoms will
work better than what molecules do.
4. Do not forget, ..., to look also at the shear beauty of the result as such: these
researchers managed to block and control a beam of light with one single
molecule, which is a really exceptional achievement!
5. ..., stimulated emission in molecules is usually an inefficient process, because
light is not strongly focused and single molecules do not have a broad cross-
section.
6. It can, …, decide when to open or to close the molecular gate, … when the
molecule only absorbs the photons of the second laser or when it emits more
by stimulated emission.
Text 6
Exercise 1. Make adjectives from the following nouns according to the model.
Model: Electron – electron [ic]
Ion, atom, atmosphere, optimist, base, strategy, anarchy.
Exercise 2. Match a word from left column with a word from right column to make
compound adjectives (make as much combinations as possible) and translate them.
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