Иностранный язык. Мартемьянова Н.В - 20 стр.

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TEXT SIX
                         ROMAN TOWNS AND FORTS

Vocabulary notes                            extent (n) - степень, мера
fortification (n) - укрепления              court (n) – двор
anchorage(n) - якорная стоянка              row (n) - ряд
 barbarian (n) - варвар                     porticos (n) – портик
criss cross (n) – крест                      aisled (a) - проходной
 abandoned (a) - заброшенный                rubble (n) - булыжник
layout (n) - планировка                     gravel (n) - гравий

ROMAN TOWNS AND FORTS
Roman Forts
    Porchester Castle is one of the earliest complete Roman fortifications in
northern Europe, with the harbor at Porchester being one of the likely fleet
anchorage's for the II Augusta's initial seaborne advance in 44AD - 45AD.
Towards the end of the 3rd century the first fort was built, part of a series from
the Wash to the Solent commanded by the 'Court of the Saxon Shore' to protect
the Northern provinces from pirates and barbarians,
    After the Romans left Britain in 410AD the Romano - British were left to
defend their shores as best they could and consequently there followed a fairly
'constant occupation of the Castle.
Roman Towns
    In all the lands they conquered, the Romans built towns that they could feel
at home in. Each town was built to a plan. The Romans liked everything to be
organized and orderly. The streets were laid out in a criss cross pattern. Usually
they would have two main streets that divide the town. Smaller streets led of
these at right angles.
Silchester - Calleva Atrebatuni
    Silchester, the Roman Town of Calleva Atrebatum, unlike many other
Roman towns which continued in use after the withdrawal of Roman troops
early in the fifth Century AD ( such as Winchester), Silchester was completely
abandoned at the end of the Roman occupation of Britain.
    Consequently it has never been built on and the layout survives intact. In
England only two other Roman towns, Caistor in Norfolk and Wroxeter in
Shropshire have survived to a similar extent.
    In the center lay the Forum and Basilica, measuring 313x275 feet. The
Forum court was surrounded on the north, east and south sides by a continuous
row of shops and offices, flanked inside and out by porticos of Bath-stone
Tuscan columns: the main entrance was in the center of the east side.
    Across the west side of the Forum court lay the Basilica, an aisled hall
234x58 feet with tribunals at each end. Fragments of marble from Purbeck and
Italy were found in rubble layers, indicating a fine finish to the building.