Roman Britain. Мартемьянова Н.В. - 6 стр.

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warfare(n) - приемы ведения                ferocious(adj.) - жестокий
войны                                      spear(n) - копье
boundary(n) - граница                      shield(n) - щит
alliance(n) - союз, союзник                chariot(n) - колесница
adornment(n) - украшение                   terrain(n) - территория, местность


Pre - reading Task
Answer the question: What are the most important Celtic invasions? Write
down 5-6 sentences.


THE CELTS
   Celtic tribes led by hereditary Kings and warlords, supported by a warrior
aristocracy to whom the mass of the peasantry was enslaved.
   Warfare was ever present with tribal boundaries and alliances changing
constantly. There were no standing armies, and warriors were driven mostly by
prospect of individual glory.
   Confrontations tended to be brief, and personal adornment was lavish-ornate
helmets and extravagant torque's (neck-rings).Body amour was rarely worn.
   To appear more ferocious, warriors painted their bodies and washed their hair
with lime. Their weapons were the spear, shield and long slashing sword.
Chariots were sometimes used.
   In set-piece battles, Celtic warriors were rarely any match for the Roman
army; but in difficult terrain, the Celts excelled in the tactics of guerrilla
warfare.
Reading Comprehension Tasks
1. Read the text again if necessary, and say
who were the Celts led by;
what helped the Celts to look more ferocious;
why the Celts were rarely any match for the Roman army;