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47
process of creating objects and pictures which move across the screen; it is
used by scientists and engineers to analyze problems. With appropriate
software they can study the structure of objects and how it is affected by
particular changes.
A graphic package is the software that enables the user to draw
and manipulate objects on a computer. Each graphic package has its
own facilities, as well as a wide range of basic drawing and painting tools.
The collection of tools in a package is known as a palette. The basic
geometric shapes, such as lines between two points, arcs, circles,
polygons, ellipses and even text, making graphical objects are called
“primitives”. You can choose both the primitive you want and where it
should go on the screen. Moreover, you can specify the «attributes» of
each primitive, e.g., its colour, line type and so on. The various tools
in a palette usually appear together as pop-up icons in a menu. To
use one you can activate it by clicking on it.
After specifying the primitives and their attributes you must
transform them. Transformation means moving or manipulating the
object by translating, rotating and scaling the object.
Translation is moving an object along an axis to somewhere else in
the viewing area. Rotation is turning the object larger or smaller in
any of the horizontal, vertical or depth direction (corresponding to
the x, у and z axis). The term «rendering» describes the techniques
used to make your object look real. Rendering includes hidden surface
removal, light sources and reflections.
ASSIGNMENT TO TEXT 16
I. read and translate the text.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What is computer graphics? 2. How does a computer interpret the
command? 3. Where is computer graphics used? 4. In what way does
computer graphics help people? 5. What is computer animation and how
does it help scientists and engineers? 6. What does a graphic package
include? 7. What are “primitives” and how can they be used?
III. Make all types of questions to the following sentence:
A graphics programme interprets the input provided by the user and
transports it into images.
IV. Give English equivalents:
48
Всплывающая иконка, быть важным, трехмерная графика,
зрительные образы, представлять, преобразовывать, компьютерная
графика.
V. Give Russian equivalents:
Graphics program, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing,
circuits, to analyze problems, appropriate software, polygon.
VI. Match up:
pop-up ...............................in
to be essential ...........................on
three-dimensional .....................a lot of time
visual .........................................graphics
to present ...................................icons
to convert .................................forms
computer ................................... into
to be displayed ........................... for
to save...................................... graphics
VII. Write out five sentences with Present Simple and translate
the predicate.
VIII. Pick out the right definition:
1. Computer graphics are ... . a) texts; b) pictures and drawings; c) digits.
2. Computers use … to convert data into shapes and colours.
a) words;
b) pictures;
c) mathematical formulas.
3. Computer animation is the process of creating … which move
across the screen
a) objects and pictures;
b) mathematical formulas;
c) books.
4. The collection of tools in a package is known as … . a) palette;
b) polygon; c) palate.
5. … are called “primitives”. a) the digits; b) the basic geometric
shapes; c) the letters.
6. The various tools in a palette usually appear together as … in a menu.
a) pop-up corks;
b) pop-up letters;
c) pop-up icons.
