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features. Although the distribution of climates and the location of shorelines, have
changed, the range of ecological situations available for life has not changed to a
pronounced degree. Just why man appeared when he did is still a subject of some
speculation. However, man's place in nature was virtually the same as that of any
other creature. Man the hunter -gatherer was in all respects part of the flood chain of
the ecosystem he lived in. Clearly, he made no changes to the biosphere as a whole.
Man the farmer was able, if not to leave an ecological role as fully as man the hunter,
at least to avoid large-scale environmental change. The first signs of a new problem
in ecological management became evident when man congregated into villages and
towns. In these centers there developed great accumulations of organic and inorganic
debris. At this stage the word "pollution" could well have been introduced to man's
vocabulary. Man the technologist expects, not merely to survive, but to enjoy a
socioeconomic infrastructure which provides transportation, education, housing,
recreational space and many other cultural facets.
To satisfy these desires and needs, man has affected the environment both
directly and indirectly. In a direct sense his mechanical activity - in constructing
cities, highways, dams and in soil cultivation and mining - is the most striking and
obvious. Indirectly, though the other products of modern technology are also of great
importance as agents of change. These products, in the main, are those of chemical
and engineering technology. In these activities, man the technologist has attempted to
ignore the capacities and characteristics of his ecosystems. The results of those
activities are all around us.
5.1 Words to remember
1 to contain содержать
2 location размещение, определение места
3 pronounced ярко выраженный
4 speculation размышление, спекуляция
5 to congregate собирать (ся)
6 debris развалины, обломки пород
7 dam дамба, плотина
8 species вид, род, разновидность
9 facet грань
5.2 Pronounce the words correctly and write down the transcription
topographic, although, creature, biosphere, organic, survive, mechanical, ignore
5.3 Translate the following, pay attention to the - ing forms
man the technologist expects to enjoy a socioeconomic infrastructure which provides
education, housing; his mechanical activity - in constructing cities, and in soil
cultivation and mining - is the most striking; these products are those of chemical and
engineering technology
17
features. Although the distribution of climates and the location of shorelines, have changed, the range of ecological situations available for life has not changed to a pronounced degree. Just why man appeared when he did is still a subject of some speculation. However, man's place in nature was virtually the same as that of any other creature. Man the hunter -gatherer was in all respects part of the flood chain of the ecosystem he lived in. Clearly, he made no changes to the biosphere as a whole. Man the farmer was able, if not to leave an ecological role as fully as man the hunter, at least to avoid large-scale environmental change. The first signs of a new problem in ecological management became evident when man congregated into villages and towns. In these centers there developed great accumulations of organic and inorganic debris. At this stage the word "pollution" could well have been introduced to man's vocabulary. Man the technologist expects, not merely to survive, but to enjoy a socioeconomic infrastructure which provides transportation, education, housing, recreational space and many other cultural facets. To satisfy these desires and needs, man has affected the environment both directly and indirectly. In a direct sense his mechanical activity - in constructing cities, highways, dams and in soil cultivation and mining - is the most striking and obvious. Indirectly, though the other products of modern technology are also of great importance as agents of change. These products, in the main, are those of chemical and engineering technology. In these activities, man the technologist has attempted to ignore the capacities and characteristics of his ecosystems. The results of those activities are all around us. 5.1 Words to remember 1 to contain содержать 2 location размещение, определение места 3 pronounced ярко выраженный 4 speculation размышление, спекуляция 5 to congregate собирать (ся) 6 debris развалины, обломки пород 7 dam дамба, плотина 8 species вид, род, разновидность 9 facet грань 5.2 Pronounce the words correctly and write down the transcription topographic, although, creature, biosphere, organic, survive, mechanical, ignore 5.3 Translate the following, pay attention to the - ing forms man the technologist expects to enjoy a socioeconomic infrastructure which provides education, housing; his mechanical activity - in constructing cities, and in soil cultivation and mining - is the most striking; these products are those of chemical and engineering technology 17
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