Computer World. Матросова Т.А. - 30 стр.

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29
TEXT 6
Look through the text and make up a plan of it. Retell the text briefly according
to the plan. Translate the introduction in written form.
Introduction
Welcome to the Microsoft Encyclopedia of Networking, a survey of computer
networking concepts, technologies, and services. This work is intended to be a
comprehensive, accurate, and timely resource for students, system engineers, network
administrators, IT implementers, and computing professionals from all walks of life.
Before I outline its scope of coverage, however, I'll ask a simple question that
surprisingly has no easy answer: What is networking?
What Is Networking?
In the simplest sense, networking means connecting computers so that they can
share files, printers, applications, and other computer-related resources. The
advantages of networking computers together are pretty obvious:
• Users can save their important files and documents on a file server,
which is more secure than storing them on their workstations because a
file server can be backed up in a single operation.
• Users can share a network printer, which costs much less than having a
locally attached printer for each user's computer.
• Users can share groupware applications running on application servers,
which enables users to share documents, send messages, and collaborate
directly.
• The job of administering and securing a company's computer resources
is simplified since they are concentrated on a few centralized servers.
This definition of networking focuses on the basic goals of networking
computers: increased manageability, security, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness over
non-networked systems. We could also focus on the different types of networks:
• Local area networks (LANs), which can range from a few desktop
workstations in a small office/home office (SOHO) to several thousand
workstations and dozens of servers deployed throughout dozens of
buildings on a university campus or in an industrial park.
• Wide area networks (WANs), which might be a company's head office
linked to a few branch offices or an enterprise spanning several
continents with hundreds of offices and subsidiaries.
• The Internet, the world's largest network and the «network of networks».
We could also focus on the networking architectures in which these types of
networks can be implemented:
• Peer-to-peer networking, which might be implemented in a workgroup
consisting of computers running Microsoft Windows 98 or Windows
2000 Professional.
• Server-based networking, which might be based on the domain model of
Microsoft Windows NT, the domain trees and forests of Active

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