Computer World. Матросова Т.А. - 35 стр.

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34
Size also brings with it the crucial problem of scaling many networking
protocols and mechanisms work fine for small networks of tens or hundreds of
computers, or even perhaps «large» networks of tens of thousands of computers, yet
become impractical when the network is again three orders of magnitude larger
(today's Internet), much less five orders of magnitude (the coming decade's Internet).
Large scale means that rare events will routinely occur in some part of the network,
and, furthermore, that reliance on human intervention to maintain critical network
properties such as stability becomes a recipe for disaster.
A third key property is that the Internet changes in drastic ways over time. For
example, we mentioned above that in Dec. 2000, the network included 100 million
computers But in Jan.1997, four years earlier, it comprised only 16 million
computers, reflecting growth of about 60% year. This growth then begs the question:
how big will it be in two more years? 5 years?
UNI T 3
PROGRAMMI NG LANGUAGES
TEXT 1
Look through the text and give it a title. Translate the text.
The precursors of object-oriented programming can be traced back to the late
1960's: Classes, inheritance and virtual member functions were integral features of
Simula67. a programming language that was mainly used for writing event-driven
simulations. When Smalltalk first appeared back in 1972 it offered a pure object-
oriented programming environment. In fact Smalltalk defined object-oriented
programming. This style of programming was so innovative and revolutionary at the
time that it took more than a decade for it to become a standard in the software
industry. Undoubtedly, the emergence of C++ in the early 80s provided the most
considerable contribution to this revolution.
The Origins of C++
In 1979. a young engineer at Bell (now AT&T) Labs, Bjarne Stroustrup, started
to experiment with extensions to С to make it a better tool for implementing large-
scale projects. In those days, an average project consisted of tens of thousands of
lines of code (LOC).
NO TE: Today. Microsoft's Windows 2000 (formerly NT 5.0) consists of more
than 30 million lines of code.
When projects leaped over the 100,000 LOC count, the shortcomings of С
became noticeably unacceptable. Efficient teamwork is based, among other things, on
the capability to decouple development phases of individual teams from one another
– something that was difficult to achieve in C.

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