Computer World. Матросова Т.А. - 71 стр.

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70
level of confidence in the system's integrity. There is no way to know the motives of
an intruder and the worst must be assumed. People who break into systems simply to
«look around» do real damage, even if they do not read confidential mail and do not
delete any files. If computer security was once the subject of fun and games, those
days have long since passed.
Many different kinds of people break into computer systems. Some people
perhaps the most widely publicized – are the equivalent of reckless teenagers out on
electronic joy rides. Like youths who «borrow» fast cars, their main goal isn't
necessarily to do damage, but to have what they consider to be a good time. Others
are far more dangerous: some people who compromise system security are
sociopaths, joyriding around the networks bent on in flicting damage on unsuspecting
computer systems. Others see themselves at «war» with rival hackers; woe to
innocent users and systems who happen to get in the way of cyberspace «drive-by
shootings!» Still others are out for valuable c orporate information, w hic h they hope
to resell for profit. There are also elements of organized crime, spies and saboteurs
motivated by bothgreed and politics, terrorists, and single-minded anarchists using
computers and networks.
Who Is a Computer Hacker?
HACKER noun 1. A person who enjoys learning the details of computer
systems and how to stretch their capabilities – as opposed to most users of computers,
who prefer to learn only the minimum amount necessary.
2. One who programs enthusiastically or who enjoys
programming rather than just theorizing about programming.
TEXT 7
Translate the text without a dictionary.
WHAT IS COMPUTER SECURITY?
Terms like security, protection, and privacy often have more than one meaning.
Even professionals who work in information security do not agree on exactly what
these terms mean. The focus of this book is not formal definitions and theoretical
models so much as practical, useful information. Therefore, we'll use an operational
definition of security and go from there.
Computer Security: «A computer is secure if you can depend on it and its
software to behave as you expect.»
If you expect the data entered into your machine today to be there in a few
weeks, and to remain unread by anyone who is not supposed to read it, then the
machine is secure. This concept is often called trust: you trust the system to preserve
and protect your data.
By this definition, natural disasters and buggy software are as much threats to
security as unauthorized users. This belief is obvious ly true from a practical stand-
point. Whether your data is erased by a vengeful employee, a random virus, an
unexpected bug, or a lightning strike – the data is still gone.

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