Computer World. Матросова Т.А. - 79 стр.

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78
A second set of issues relates to suspected radiation hazards, including
miscarriage and cancer. A special concern with radiation is that nearby colleagues
could be affected as well, since radiation is emitted from the backs and sides of some
terminals. The most recent NIOSH study is reassuring, but some caution still seems
prudent.
Ergonomics and work habits
Most people can ride any bicycle on flat ground for a short distance with no
problems. On a fifty mile ride over hilly terrain, however, minor adjustments in seat
height, handlebar angle, and the like can mean the difference between top
performance and severe pain. Similarly, occasional computer users may notice no ill
effects from poorly designed or badly adjusted workstations, whereas those who
spend several hours a day for many years should pay careful attention to ergonomics,
the study of man-machine interfaces.
The key to most workstation comfort guidelines is adjustability–to
accommodate different body dimensions, personal workstyle preferences, and the
need to change positions to avoid fatigue. A recommended working posture shows
the body directly facing the keyboard and terminal, back straight, feet flat on the
floor, eyes aligned at or slightly below the top of the screen, and thighs, forearms,
wrists, and hands roughly parallel to the floor. Achieving this posture may require:
• A chair with a seat pan that adjusts both vertically and fore-and-aft, an
adjustable height backrest, and adjustable tilting tension.
• An adjustable height work surface or separate keyboard/mouse tray (note
that many keyboard trays are too narrow to accommodate a mouse pad,
leaving the mouse at an awkward height or reach on the desktop).
• A height adjustment for the video display (a good use for those manuals
you’ll never read!).
• An adjustable document holder to minimize head movement and eyestrain
• Adjustable foot rests, arms rests, and/or wrist rests.
Studies show that many people are unaware of the range of adjustments possible
in their chairs and workstations. Although the best chairs permit adjustment while
seated, you may have to turn the chair upside down to read the instructions. (Be
careful not to strain your back while upending and righting the chair!). If you are
experiencing discomfort experiment with adjustments or try exchanging chairs or
workstations with colleagues. A posture cushion, which maintains the natural
curvature of the spine and pelvis while supporting the lumbar region, may also prove
helpful. It should be noted that any adjustment may feel uncomfortable for a week or
so while your body readjusts itself.
(Some people have been advised by their physicians to use a backless «balans»
chair, which minimizes compression of the spine and shifts the body weight forward
with the aid of a shin rest. This posture may be uncomfortable, however, since it
requires stronger abdominal and leg muscles than conventional sitting positions. The
«balans» chair is not recommended for overweight or exceptionally tall persons).

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