Английский язык для аспирантов и соискателей. Минакова Т.В. - 47 стр.

     Советы участнику научной конференции, работающему над письменным
текстом своего доклада. Краткость, ясность, простота, конкретность – вот к
чему, как считают, следует стремиться автору научного сообщения.
     «Keep sentences short. On the average, most sentences should be shorter than 25
words. But sentences should vary in length and structure.
     Prefer the simple to the complex sentences and phrases. Write “try to find out”
rather than “endeavor to ascertain”.
     Prefer the familiar word but build your vocabulary. If a reader doesn’t
understand your words, he can miss your meaning. But you may want to use long
words in some cases – to clarify your point.
     Avoid words you don’t need. Extra words weaken writing. Make every word
carry its own weight.
     Put action into your verbs. Passive verbs tire the reader. Write “we intend to
write clearly” not “Clarity in composition is our intention”.
     Use terms your reader can picture. Choose short, concrete words your reader can
visualize, not abstract terms. Don’t say “industrial community” when you’re
describing a “factory town”.
     Tie in with your reader’s experience. The reader probably won’t get your new
idea unless you link it with an old idea he already understands. If you’re describing
how a new pump works, compare its operation with that of an old, standard pump.
     Write the way you talk, or at least try for a conversational tone. People rarely
use business jargon when they talk.
     Make full use of variety. Vary the length of words and sentences and arrange
them in different ways. Avoid monotonous patterns of writing.
     Write to Express, not to Impress. Don’t show off your vocabulary by using
needlessly complex words».
     Фрагмент статьи о выступлении на научной конференцию. Автор
подчеркивает, что докладчик всегда должен помнить об аудитории и ее
интересах и, исходя из этого, строить свое сообщение.
     «Are you taking yourself too seriously? Sure, your world is great and you’re
fantastic, but what about the other guy? Don’t forget, your purpose is to tell him what
you know. To do that you need to get his attention and you need to keep it.
     Where most of us have trouble is in orally presenting a published paper. It is
easy to forget that you are dealing with two entirely different audiences.
     Think about it. People reading your article have many devices and motions
available to them. They can underline, put aside, reread, laugh out loud at, and
(horrors!) cross out. Put those same people in an audience and all of those reactions
(or all except the yawns) must be subordinated. They are in effect your captives –
which also makes them your responsibility.
     Avoid charts and graphs and prints of scopes (unless they are simple, simple,
simple, and big, big, big). Most papers have a certain idea. Find it and make it the
subject of your report. Paraphrase the paper. If lengthy explanations appear
important, put them into a handout. After all if there is interest the paper has already
been read or will be read in detail at a more leisurely pace later.

                                                                                     47