English Reader. Мишустина В.Д. - 68 стр.

      - the company's undeclared funds;
      - the country's grey market activities;
      - grey money transfers.

      b) the currency has to be hidden from … - валюта должна быть скрыта от …

     Формула:      to have to + the Infinitive
      - goods had to be exported …;
      - funds have to be transferred …;
      - the authorities have to monitor the volume of …;
      - people had to trade outside the official market …;
      - many Third World loans have to be sold at a discount… .

     19.1.4 Просмотрите текст и найдите предложения со следующими словами
и словосочетаниями, попытайтесь перевести эти предложения без словаря:

     Are traded every day; the real value of a currency; "grey market" activities;
domestic economic instability; The formation of a shadow economy; the G.D.P.; "the
black" money.

      Текст
      Legal or semilegal goods and services, ranging from endangered animals and
foreign currencies to drugs, are traded every day on the world's black markets.
      In those countries with currency restrictions, for example, black market currency
exchanges have flourished. When the official rate is out of sync with the real value of
a currency, people start trading outside the official market. In Brazil, this was
tolerated to the point that the black market rates were published as parallel exchange
rates in the newspapers.
      The world economy is also full of semilegal or "grey market" activities such as
transfers and deposits of legally earned but undeclared funds that have to be hidden
from the authorities at home. For example, normally law-abiding Italian, French, and
Latin American citizens have often transferred money to bank accounts abroad during
periods of domestic economic instability and exchange restrictions.
      The formation of a shadow economy, where it is hidden among the large
quantities of legal money in the world economy that require a certain amount of
secrecy. The volume of grey money transfers, estimated to be over $1 trillion per
year, more than the GDP of most countries, is so big that regulators cannot monitor it
all. The "black" money gets lost in the sea of grey money transfers.



    19.1.5 Найдите ответы на следующие вопросы, попытайтесь понять их без
словаря:


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