Деньги - Money. Невежина С.Б - 6 стр.

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• Paper money was also invented in China, while banks and
credit existed in Ancient Babylon (now part of Iraq), Greece and
Rome, all well over 2000 years ago!
• The birth of modern capitalist thought is often ascribed to the
book Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, 1776. He preached that eco-
nomic freedom ('laissez-faire') with as little government control as
possible was the best way for countries to enrich themselves.
• The opposite of this was Karl Marx's Das Kapital (Capital),
1867, which argued capitalism meant the concentration of wealth in
the hands of a few rich, and that they would then be overthrown by
revolution and a system of communism – central economic control by
a government to achieve a fairer balance.
PEOPLE AND THEIR MONEY
∗
VOCABULARY
1. All the words in columns A and B have something to do
with money. Match a word in A with its closest opposite in B.
Use your dictionary to check new words.
A B
generous waste
spendthrift second-hand
luxury well off
brand new loss
hard up stingy
deposit (v) expenditure
save overdrawn
in the black penny-pincher
debt withdraw
tight-fisted extravagant
income priceless
worthless millionaire
beggar necessity
profit loan
∗
For more tasks related to the topic see SUPPLEMENTARY TASKS: Block 2
and Block 3 (p. 33–34).
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2. Complete the following sentences, including words from
A or B.
1. Tom couldn't afford a brand new car ...
2. Do you see that vase? We thought it was worthless. I paid
only 50p for it in a jumble sale, but…
3. I think that nowadays a car is a necessity, but my grand-
mother says ...
4. My two daughters are so different. One regularly saves her
pocket money, the other ...
5. Susie's always getting into debt and then she has to go to her
father ...
6. I was so sure my account was in the black, but I've just got an
angry letter ...
7. You'd never believe that he used to be a millionaire, now ...
8. Ted's so tight-fisted. He's worn the same suit every day for
work for 15 years, but his wife …
9. Anna's always complaining about being hard up, but
compared to me ...
10. Mr Micawber's advice to his young friend, David
Copperfield, in the year 1850:
'Annual______£20, annual______£79 and six shillings, result
happiness.
Annual______£20, annual______£20 and six pence, result
misery.'
3. Would you be happy or miserable if you:
– fell on hard times?
– lived on a shoestring?
– lived in the lap of luxury?
– were living rough?
– couldn't make ends meet?
– were rolling in money?
– had to penny-pinch?
– were made of money?
– were down and out?
– had to tighten your belt?
– had a business that was doing a roaring trade?
– lost a quid and found a fiver? 
       • Paper money was also invented in China, while banks and                   2. Complete the following sentences, including words from
credit existed in Ancient Babylon (now part of Iraq), Greece and             A or B.
Rome, all well over 2000 years ago!                                                 1. Tom couldn't afford a brand new car ...
       • The birth of modern capitalist thought is often ascribed to the            2. Do you see that vase? We thought it was worthless. I paid
book Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, 1776. He preached that eco-            only 50p for it in a jumble sale, but…
nomic freedom ('laissez-faire') with as little government control as                3. I think that nowadays a car is a necessity, but my grand-
possible was the best way for countries to enrich themselves.                mother says ...
       • The opposite of this was Karl Marx's Das Kapital (Capital),                4. My two daughters are so different. One regularly saves her
1867, which argued capitalism meant the concentration of wealth in           pocket money, the other ...
the hands of a few rich, and that they would then be overthrown by                  5. Susie's always getting into debt and then she has to go to her
revolution and a system of communism – central economic control by           father ...
a government to achieve a fairer balance.                                           6. I was so sure my account was in the black, but I've just got an
                                                                             angry letter ...
                PEOPLE AND THEIR MONEY∗                                             7. You'd never believe that he used to be a millionaire, now ...
                                                                                    8. Ted's so tight-fisted. He's worn the same suit every day for
     VOCABULARY                                                              work for 15 years, but his wife …
     1. All the words in columns A and B have something to do                       9. Anna's always complaining about being hard up, but
with money. Match a word in A with its closest opposite in B.                compared to me ...
Use your dictionary to check new words.                                             10. Mr Micawber's advice to his young friend, David
                 A                                   B                       Copperfield, in the year 1850:
          generous                           waste                                  'Annual______£20, annual______£79 and six shillings, result
          spendthrift                        second-hand                     happiness.
          luxury                             well off                               Annual______£20, annual______£20 and six pence, result
                                                                             misery.'
          brand new                          loss
          hard up                            stingy                                3. Would you be happy or miserable if you:
          deposit (v)                        expenditure                           – fell on hard times?
          save                               overdrawn                             – lived on a shoestring?
          in the black                       penny-pincher                         – lived in the lap of luxury?
          debt                               withdraw                              – were living rough?
          tight-fisted                       extravagant                           – couldn't make ends meet?
          income                             priceless                             – were rolling in money?
          worthless                          millionaire                           – had to penny-pinch?
          beggar                             necessity                             – were made of money?
          profit                             loan                                  – were down and out?
                                                                                   – had to tighten your belt?
    ∗
      For more tasks related to the topic see SUPPLEMENTARY TASKS: Block 2         – had a business that was doing a roaring trade?
and Block 3 (p. 33–34).                                                            – lost a quid and found a fiver?
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