ВУЗ:
Составители:
Рубрика:
113
ɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɇɢɡɤɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ (ɢɫɩɚɪɟ-
ɧɢɸ) ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɟɧɨɤ, ɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɞɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ (4 – 10 ɫɦ).
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɸ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɫɜɚɪɢ-
ɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɱ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɧɨɣ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
10–30 ɦɢɧ. Ⱦɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ-
ɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ⱦɢɮɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɜɚɪɤɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɮɨɪ-
ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ, ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɬɵɯ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɨɣ, ɜɵ-
ɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɜɚɪ-
ɤɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ-
ɫɬɟɣ. ɋɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɨɫɧɨ ɜ ɡɚɠɢɦɚɯ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɨɞɢɧ
ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɟɧ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ (ɜɞɨɥɶ ɨɫɢ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ) ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɠɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɨɣ P ɢɜɤɥɸ-
ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɫɢɥɵ
ɬɪɟɧɢɹ; ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɭ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɭɸ-
ɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ 980–
1300
o
ɋ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɞɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ (ɩɪɨ-
ɤɨɜɤɚ).
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɜɚɪɤɭ ɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɵɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɟɣ. ɋɜɚɪɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 0,75–140 ɦɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ –
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɟ-
ɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɪɟɞ-
ɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɭɥɶɬɪɚɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɛɪɵɡɝɢ.
ɏɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɚ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɟɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɨɣ ɳɟɬɤɨɣ, ɲɚɛɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɟɡɠɢɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬ
ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɬɚɥɢ, ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ, ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɩɨɞ-
ɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦ ɩɭɚɧɫɨɧɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɚ ɩɭɚɧɫɨɧɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢ
ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɞɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-
ɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ
ɡɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɵ P, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɟ-
ɬɚɥɥɚ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ɏɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɫɜɚɪ-
ɤɭ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɢɡ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɥɚɜɨɜ, ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɜɚɪɤɢ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɟɤ, ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ, ɞɥɹ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɜ,
ɲɢɧ, ɬɪɨɥɥɟɣɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ.
114
ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ, ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɜ
ɝɢɛɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɹɯ.
Ʌɟɤɰɢɹ 17. ɋɜɚɪɤɚ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɉɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɥɵ ɦɟɠɚɬɨɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ-
ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɚɡɴɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɦ-
ɤɢ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨ-
ɬɵ; ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɜɚɧɧɭ, ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ
ɩɨɥɭɨɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ȼ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢɟ ɩɥɟɧɤɢ, ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɡɵ, ɨɤɫɢɞɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɲɚɸɳɢɟ
ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ
ɨɫɬɵɜɚɟɬ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸ-
ɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ. Ʉɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɩɥɚɜ-
ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɟɪɟɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɲɜɚ, ɝɞɟ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɪɨɦɨɤ ɫɜɚɪɢɜɚɟ-
ɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ. ɋɜɚɪɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ, ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɪɨɦɤɭ ɫɜɚɪɢ-
ɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɥɢɛɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɹ ɩɪɢɫɚɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ
(ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɚ).
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɫɜɚɪɤɭ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɭɝɨɜɭɸ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɥɭɱɟɜɭɸ
ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚɰɟɬɢɥɟɧɨ-ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɫɜɚɪɢ-
ɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɚɧɧɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɡɨɜ, ɥɟɝɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɩɥɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɣ ɲɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɢɬɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ, ɩɪɢɥɟ-
ɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɤ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɲɜɭ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɜɚɪɤɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦ-
ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ — ɭɤ-
ɪɭɩɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɟɪɟɧ, ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɡ, ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɡɚɤɚ-
ɥɨɱɧɵɯ. Ɂɨɧɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ, ɩɪɢɥɟɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɲɜɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɡɨɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ (ɁɌȻ). ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɲɜɚ, ɁɌȼ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɚɪɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ.
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɚɧɬɢɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɨɧɧɵɟ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɚɪɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ (ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟ-
ɥɢ ɬɟ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɚ). Ʉ ɫɜɚɪɤɟ ɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɥɚɜ-
Страницы
- « первая
- ‹ предыдущая
- …
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- …
- следующая ›
- последняя »
