Go for your Business English. Новосельцева Н.Н - 4 стр.

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УлГТУ | Ульяновск

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Part One.
Part One.Part One.
Part One.
Examination Topics
Examination Topics Examination Topics
Examination Topics
1
Money
Money is used for buying or selling goods, for measuring value and for storing
wealth. Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and paper
notes of one kind or another. However, this has not always been true. In primitive
societies a system of barter was used. Barter was a system of direct exchange of
goods. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the market-
place that they considered to be of equal value. Barter, however, was a very
unsatisfactory system because people’s precise needs seldom coincided. People
needed a more practical system of exchange, and various money systems developed
based on goods which the members of a society recognized as having value. Cattle,
grain, teeth, shells, feathers, skulls, salt, elephant tusks and tobacco have all been
used. Precious metals gradually took over because, when made into coins, they were
portable, durable, recognizable and divisible into larger and smaller units of value.
A coin is a piece of metal, usually disc-shaped, which bears lettering, designs
or numbers showing its value. Until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries coins
were given monetary worth based on the exact amount of metal contained in them,
but most modern coins are based on face value, the value that governments choose
to give them, irrespective of the actual metal content. Coins have been made of gold,
silver, copper, aluminium, nickel, lead, zinc, plastic, and in China even from pressed
tea leaves. Most governments now issue paper money in the form of notes, which
are really “promises to pay”. Paper money is obviously easier to handle and much
more convenient in the modern world. Cheques, bankers’ cards, and credit cards are
being used increasingly and it is possible to imagine a world where “money” in the
form of coins and paper currency will no longer be used. Even today, in the United
States, many places-especially filling stations - will not accept cash at night for
security reasons.
Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after themselves.

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