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4. Between 1962 and 1981 the number of divorces increased.
5. Americans aren’t likely to remain in a marriage that has
problems.
6. Most teenagers don’t try to find summer or after-school jobs.
7. Students seldom work part-time and during summer
vacations.
8. Newly married couples never postpone having children.
III. Discuss the following:
1. What was the American society like 50 years ago?
2. Why has the number of single-parent families increased
since 1960’s?
3. How do the Americans try to bring up their children?
4. When do young people usually get married?
Text 5
I. Read the following texts and do the tasks that follow.
Spotlight on the environment
The environment
Some problems of the environment are easy to see. This valley
in Tasmania, Australia, used to be a beautiful rainforest. But
now there is a copper mine. There are no trees, and the land is
polluted with chemicals. Very few plants can grow.
Acid rain
Acid rain comes from industrial countries. But the wind carries
it and a lot of it falls on these countries’ neighbours. For
example, Canada gets acid rains from the USA. The
Scandinavian countries get it from Britain. The bird, the
Common Loon, is less and less common in the lakes of Canada
and the USA today. Acid rain kills the fish, and so the bird has
nothing to eat.
Pesticides
Insects eat our vegetables. So farmers put pesticides on the
vegetables. But that is not the end of the story. The pesticide
chemicals get into the ‘food chain’. Insects eat the pesticides.
Birds eat the insects. Big birds eat little birds. At the top of the
food chain you find birds like the Peregrine Falcon. Fifty years
ago they were common. But more and more pesticides DDT got
into their blood. Their eggs became weak, and broke. Now the
Peregrine Falcon is quite rare.
The greenhouse effect
Industrial countries also cause the ‘greenhouse effect’. Industry,
power stations and cars produce carbon dioxide – CO2. This gas
works like the glass walls of a greenhouse. It lets in the sun; but
it doesn’t let out the heat. So the Earth gets hotter and hotter.
Your car is killing the Earth
The car is an ecological disaster. It is now the world’s number
one polluter. From the beginning to the end of its life, one car
produces an enormous quantity of pollution.
The production of one car results in 1,500 kilos of waste, and 75
million metres³ of polluted air.
During its life one car produces:
44.3 tonnes of carbon dioxide 325 kg of carbon
monoxide
4.8 kg of sulphur dioxide 36 kg of hydrocarbons
46.8 kg of nitrogen dioxide 20 kg of various chemicals
from the tires and brakes (an average car over a period of ten
years)
When you throw the car away, many dangerous metals (like
cadmium) and other chemicals pollute the earth.
The building of roads, motorways and car parks produces a
large quantity of pollution. It is impossible to estimate how
much.
The statistics above are for one car. There are now
approximately 500 million cars on Earth. So multiply all these
4. Between 1962 and 1981 the number of divorces increased. Pesticides
5. Americans aren’t likely to remain in a marriage that has Insects eat our vegetables. So farmers put pesticides on the
problems. vegetables. But that is not the end of the story. The pesticide
6. Most teenagers don’t try to find summer or after-school jobs. chemicals get into the ‘food chain’. Insects eat the pesticides.
7. Students seldom work part-time and during summer Birds eat the insects. Big birds eat little birds. At the top of the
vacations. food chain you find birds like the Peregrine Falcon. Fifty years
8. Newly married couples never postpone having children. ago they were common. But more and more pesticides DDT got
into their blood. Their eggs became weak, and broke. Now the
III. Discuss the following: Peregrine Falcon is quite rare.
1. What was the American society like 50 years ago? The greenhouse effect
2. Why has the number of single-parent families increased Industrial countries also cause the ‘greenhouse effect’. Industry,
since 1960’s? power stations and cars produce carbon dioxide – CO2. This gas
3. How do the Americans try to bring up their children? works like the glass walls of a greenhouse. It lets in the sun; but
4. When do young people usually get married? it doesn’t let out the heat. So the Earth gets hotter and hotter.
Your car is killing the Earth
The car is an ecological disaster. It is now the world’s number
Text 5 one polluter. From the beginning to the end of its life, one car
I. Read the following texts and do the tasks that follow. produces an enormous quantity of pollution.
The production of one car results in 1,500 kilos of waste, and 75
Spotlight on the environment million metres³ of polluted air.
During its life one car produces:
The environment 44.3 tonnes of carbon dioxide 325 kg of carbon
Some problems of the environment are easy to see. This valley monoxide
in Tasmania, Australia, used to be a beautiful rainforest. But 4.8 kg of sulphur dioxide 36 kg of hydrocarbons
now there is a copper mine. There are no trees, and the land is 46.8 kg of nitrogen dioxide 20 kg of various chemicals
polluted with chemicals. Very few plants can grow. from the tires and brakes (an average car over a period of ten
Acid rain years)
Acid rain comes from industrial countries. But the wind carries When you throw the car away, many dangerous metals (like
it and a lot of it falls on these countries’ neighbours. For cadmium) and other chemicals pollute the earth.
example, Canada gets acid rains from the USA. The The building of roads, motorways and car parks produces a
Scandinavian countries get it from Britain. The bird, the large quantity of pollution. It is impossible to estimate how
Common Loon, is less and less common in the lakes of Canada much.
and the USA today. Acid rain kills the fish, and so the bird has The statistics above are for one car. There are now
nothing to eat. approximately 500 million cars on Earth. So multiply all these
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