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5. Nowadays people can send news and business information
in a written form very quickly to the far-away parts of the
world.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и вставьте
пропущенные модальные глаголы can, саnnоt, may,
must, must not
1. Most birds _____ fly.
2. You ______ took both ways before crossing the road.
3. Most animals ______ fly.
4. You _______ lake any idea you like.
5. We ____ forget to turn off the lights before we go out.
VI. а) Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопрос:
What positive bides made 'cuneiform’ writing flexible end
suitable enough to be used widely and where was it in-
vented?
THE MIRACLE OF WRITING
1. Among all the achievements of human beings, the invention
of writing is one of the greatest. But perhaps the time will come
during our lives when reading and writing become out of date.
Writing was not invented once, but регhaps six different times,
in places as far apart as China and America. Each time it started
with simple pictures and lines or dots - these were good enough
to record objects or numbers.
2. A kind of writing which had flexibility was invented in
Mesopotamia, in about 3000 ВС. This is the same part of the
Middle East that gave us the earliest farms and cities. The writ-
ing was made of triangular shapes, and we now call it “cunei-
form” writing. Like picture writing, it was used in trade, but it
was also important for recording ideas about religion and phi-
losophy.
Though we don’t know what the language these people spoke
sounded like, we know a lot about them from their writing.
Тheir business letters, for example, are not unlike modern ones,
with complaints about late payments and deliveries.
3. Meanwhile the Egyptians had developed another kind of writ-
ing – ‘hieroglyphics’. These were a mixture of pictures and
signs which were used by the kings and priests. Egyptian hi-
eroglyphic writing is one of the most beautiful and complicated
ways of writing that has been invented. But it was too compli-
cated to become as widely used as cuneiform writing.
4. Around 1200 ВС writing began to make the last and most
important step in its development: the beginning of the alphabet,
signs which stand for sounds and which can be used to write
any of the words we speak. Nobody knows when, where or by
whom the first alphabet was invented. But by 1000 ВС Phoeni-
cian traders, from the area we now call Lebanon, were spread-
ing their alphabet writing throughout the Mediterranean world.
The Greeks, and later the Romans, changed it, and it grew into
the ? alphabet of letters you can see on this page.
5. With the alphabet it was possible to write down anything that
was said. This meant that people could use writing for much
more than trade and storing information. There were аll sorts of
stories, myths and traditions waiting to be written down. The
invention of paper and ink helped the alphabet to spread
quickly, and many more people learned to read and write,
though the vast majority of people were illiterate until long after
printing was invented. Long pieces of writing appeared, which
became the first books. However, there was one great problem
that lasted from Greek and Roman times until the Middle Ages -
everything was written by hand. So it was slow and expensive
to produce copies of books.
6) Прочитайте текст еще раз и проверьте себя, как вы
поняли текст, выбрав правильный ответ, соответст-
вующий его содержанию:
5. Nowadays people can send news and business information Though we don’t know what the language these people spoke
in a written form very quickly to the far-away parts of the sounded like, we know a lot about them from their writing.
world. Тheir business letters, for example, are not unlike modern ones,
with complaints about late payments and deliveries.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и вставьте 3. Meanwhile the Egyptians had developed another kind of writ-
пропущенные модальные глаголы can, саnnоt, may, ing – ‘hieroglyphics’. These were a mixture of pictures and
must, must not signs which were used by the kings and priests. Egyptian hi-
eroglyphic writing is one of the most beautiful and complicated
1. Most birds _____ fly. ways of writing that has been invented. But it was too compli-
2. You ______ took both ways before crossing the road. cated to become as widely used as cuneiform writing.
3. Most animals ______ fly. 4. Around 1200 ВС writing began to make the last and most
4. You _______ lake any idea you like. important step in its development: the beginning of the alphabet,
5. We ____ forget to turn off the lights before we go out. signs which stand for sounds and which can be used to write
any of the words we speak. Nobody knows when, where or by
VI. а) Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопрос: whom the first alphabet was invented. But by 1000 ВС Phoeni-
What positive bides made 'cuneiform’ writing flexible end cian traders, from the area we now call Lebanon, were spread-
suitable enough to be used widely and where was it in- ing their alphabet writing throughout the Mediterranean world.
vented? The Greeks, and later the Romans, changed it, and it grew into
the ? alphabet of letters you can see on this page.
THE MIRACLE OF WRITING 5. With the alphabet it was possible to write down anything that
was said. This meant that people could use writing for much
1. Among all the achievements of human beings, the invention more than trade and storing information. There were аll sorts of
of writing is one of the greatest. But perhaps the time will come stories, myths and traditions waiting to be written down. The
during our lives when reading and writing become out of date. invention of paper and ink helped the alphabet to spread
Writing was not invented once, but регhaps six different times, quickly, and many more people learned to read and write,
in places as far apart as China and America. Each time it started though the vast majority of people were illiterate until long after
with simple pictures and lines or dots - these were good enough printing was invented. Long pieces of writing appeared, which
to record objects or numbers. became the first books. However, there was one great problem
2. A kind of writing which had flexibility was invented in that lasted from Greek and Roman times until the Middle Ages -
Mesopotamia, in about 3000 ВС. This is the same part of the everything was written by hand. So it was slow and expensive
Middle East that gave us the earliest farms and cities. The writ- to produce copies of books.
ing was made of triangular shapes, and we now call it “cunei-
form” writing. Like picture writing, it was used in trade, but it 6) Прочитайте текст еще раз и проверьте себя, как вы
was also important for recording ideas about religion and phi- поняли текст, выбрав правильный ответ, соответст-
losophy. вующий его содержанию:
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