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3
ÎÃËÀÂËÅÍÈÅ
Ïðåäèñëîâèå......................................................................... 5
Ïðåäìåò èñòîðèè ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ó÷åíèé ............................... 6
1. Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ó÷åíèÿ äðåâíåãî ìèðà è ýïîõè ôåîäàëèçìà .. 8
1.1. Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ó÷åíèÿ ðàáîâëàäåëü÷åñêîãî îáùåñòâà ..... 8
Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå èäåè àíòè÷íîé Ãðåöèè .................................. 8
Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ìûñëü Äðåâíåãî Ðèìà .................................... 13
1.2. Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ó÷åíèÿ ýïîõè ôåîäàëèçìà .................... 14
Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå èäåè ðàííåãî ôåîäàëèçìà â Çàïàäíîé
Åâðîïå .................................................................................................. 15
Ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ ìûñëü ôåîäàëüíîé Ðîññèè (IÕ–ÕVI ââ.) 19
Ìåðêàíòèëèçì ................................................................................ 20
Óòîïè÷åñêèé ñîöèàëèçì Ò. Ìîðà è Ò. Êàìïàíåëëû ......... 25
2. Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ó÷åíèÿ äîìîíîïîëèñòè÷åñêîãî êàïèòàëèçìà . 27
2.1. Êëàññè÷åñêàÿ áóðæóàçíàÿ ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ ýêîíîìèÿ ........ 27
Èñòîðè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ .................................... 27
Ïðîöåññ ñòàíîâëåíèÿ íîâîé øêîëû. Ó. Ïåòòè. Ôèçèîêðàòû 28
Ñèñòåìà ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ âçãëÿäîâ À. Ñìèòà ....................... 32
Ýêîíîìè÷åñêîå ó÷åíèå Ä. Ðèêàðäî ........................................... 38
2.2. Åâðîïåéñêèå êîíöåïöèè íà÷àëà ÕIÕ â., àëüòåðíàòèâíûå
òðóäîâîé òåîðèè ñòîèìîñòè .......................................... 42
Èäåè Ò. Ð. Ìàëüòóñà ..................................................................... 42
Ôîðìèðîâàíèå òåîðèé èçäåðæåê ïðîèçâîäñòâà, ñïðîñà è
ïðåäëîæåíèÿ (Æ. Á. Ñåé, Äæ. Ìèëëü) .................................... 45
2.3. Êðèòèêà êàïèòàëèçìà ................................................. 50
Ìåëêîáóðæóàçíàÿ ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ ýêîíîìèÿ ......................... 50
Ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå èäåè çàïàäíîåâðîïåéñêîãî óòîïè÷åñêîãî
ñîöèàëèçìà ........................................................................................ 59
2.4. Ìàðêñèçì .................................................................. 65
Èñòîðè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ .................................... 65
Ôîðìèðîâàíèå ìàðêñèñòêîé ïîëèòè÷åñêîé ýêîíîìèè ...... 66
Êðàòêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà îñíîâ ìàðêñèñòñêîé ýêîíî-
ìè÷åñêîé òåîðèè, ïðåäñòàâëåííîé â "Êàïèòàëå" .............. 69
Ìàðêñèçì î ñîöèàëèçìå è êîììóíèçìå ................................. 74
3. Ñîâðåìåííûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ çàïàäíîé ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé ìûñëè ... 78
3.1. Ýòàïû ðàçâèòèÿ è îñíîâíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ “ýêîíîìèêñ”.... 79
Íåîêëàññè÷åñêîå íàïðàâëåíèå ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé òåîðèè ..... 79
Êåéíñèàíñòâî .................................................................................. 90
Ìîíåòàðèçì ..................................................................................... 94
3.2. Èíñòèòóöèîíàëèçì ..................................................... 97
Òåîðèÿ ñòàäèé ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî ðîñòà Ó. Ðîñòîó ............... 98
Òåîðèÿ “èíäóñòðèàëüíîãî îáùåñòâà” Äæ. Ãýëáðåéòà ...... 100
Òåîðèÿ “ñóïåðèíäóñòðèàëèçìà” Î. Òîôôëåðà ..................... 102
