Практикум по английскому языку (по истории Англии Средних веков). Пилипенко В.А - 18 стр.

                      ÒÅÊÑÒ IV / TEXT IV
                       SAXON CONQUEST
       Britain, as the most remote and among the most       îòäàëåííûé
exposed of the provinces was the earliest to fall away
and lost most completely its Roman character, for the
reason that the traces of Roman rule in Britain were        ñëåäû;
so few and the English conquest so complete. The            ïðàâëåíèå
bulk of the invaders came from among the most
backward and primitive of the German tribes. These
tribes, the Angles and Saxons were close in speech and
customs.
       The third group of invaders was called
traditionally Jutes. Generally accepted name for them       îáùåïðèíÿòûé
taken together, was English. In general, the social
organization of the invaders was still tribal. The          ïëåìåííîé
English were an agricultural rather than a pastoral         çàíèìàþùèåñÿ
people and even before they entered Britain their           îâöåâîäñòâîì
tribal organization was rapidly disintegrated. In the 5th   ðàñïàëàñü
c. the raids were replaced by something approaching
national migrations. Later, in the 6th c. the advance of
the English was resumed. By this time the English had
settled down into a number of small kingdoms.
       By the end of the 6th c. seven kingdoms
appeared in the North Northumbria. Its two parts,
Deira (corresponding to Yorkshire) and Bernicia,
appeared at times as separate kingdoms. East Anglia
covered Norfolk, Suffolk and part of Cambridgshire.
Essex, Kent and Sussex correspond roughly to the
modern counties bearing the same names. Mercia              ãðàôñòâà
occupied most of the midland shires. This period is
characterized by the growth of the township and of
social classes within it, that forms the internal history
of the period between the English and Norman
conquest. Here begins the rough division of labour
between the man who fights in the wars and the man
who toils in the fields that lies at the roots of the
feudal system. Very soon the thane gained authority         ïðèîáðåë
over his weaker neighbours. As early, perhaps, as 600,
the thane was well on the way towards becoming a
feudal lord, the coerl – well on the way of becoming a
serf, private property on land was beginning to take        ñîáñòâåííîñòü




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