Практикум по английскому языку (по истории Англии Средних веков). Пилипенко В.А - 24 стр.

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24
ÒÅÊÑÒ VI / TEXT VI
THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF DOMESDAY
ENGLAND
20 years after the conquest William sent
commissionaires to almost every town, village
throughout England with power to call together the
leading men of the township, to examine them, and to
make a complete survey of the åconomic life of the
country. The survey had two objects: first - to provide
the necessary information for the
levying of property tax
and, second, to give the king detailed knowledge of the
extent and distribution of the wealth, lands and
revenues of his vassals. The survey presents more or less
accurate picture of the social structure of England at
those times. The unit of agricultural economy was
manor. Some of these manors were held directly from
him by a number of vassals, wordly and acclesiastical.
They in turn had a larger or smaller number of sub-
vassals who were the actual holders of the manors.
Every village, however small or remote, had to fit into
framework, and society was graded into a series of
groups mounting step by step from the serf at the
bottom to the king at the top.
The Domesday Survey classified the cultivators of
the soil into classes, and even numbered them, so that it
is possible to present a rough, statistical account of the
population (taking into account the adult males).
Class Prop. of total Number
population
slaves 9% 25.000
borders and
cotters 32% 89.000
villeins 38% 106.000
tradesmen 18% 33.000
Slaves were by the time of Domesday a rapidly
vanishing class. (House-servants or shepherds and
ploughmen on the lords’ land.) Borders and cotters were
the holders of small patches of land outside the
framework of the
open-field
system
. Though most of
them were serfs, some were recognized as free tenants.
The villeins, holders of 15—30 acres in the common
fields, were the centre around which the whole life of
the manor revolved. Their services were re
g
ularized and
êîìèññèîíåðû
ïåðåïèñü
âçèìàíèå
èìóùåñòâåííîãî
íàëîãà
äîõîäû
åäèíèöà
ñâåòñêèé;
äóõîâíûé
âëàäåëüöû
äîëæíà áûëà
ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü
ìîäåëè
ïàñòóõè
ïàõàðè
ñèñòåìà
îòêðûòûõ
ïîëåé
                     ÒÅÊÑÒ VI / TEXT VI
      THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF DOMESDAY
                   ENGLAND
       20 years after the conquest           William sent
commissionaires to almost every town, village                êîìèññèîíåðû
throughout England with power to call together the
leading men of the township, to examine them, and to
make a complete survey of the åconomic life of the           ïåðåïèñü
country. The survey had two objects: first - to provide
the necessary information for the levying of property tax    âçèìàíèå
and, second, to give the king detailed knowledge of the      èìóùåñòâåííîãî
extent and distribution of the wealth, lands and             íàëîãà
revenues of his vassals. The survey presents more or less    äîõîäû
accurate picture of the social structure of England at
those times. The unit of agricultural economy was            åäèíèöà
manor. Some of these manors were held directly from
him by a number of vassals, wordly and acclesiastical.       ñâåòñêèé;
They in turn had a larger or smaller number of sub-          äóõîâíûé
vassals who were the actual holders of the manors.           âëàäåëüöû
Every village, however small or remote, had to fit into      äîëæíà áûëà
framework, and society was graded into a series of           ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü
groups mounting step by step from the serf at the            ìîäåëè
bottom to the king at the top.
       The Domesday Survey classified the cultivators of
the soil into classes, and even numbered them, so that it
is possible to present a rough, statistical account of the
population (taking into account the adult males).
       Class         Prop. of total               Number
                      population
       slaves             9%                        25.000
       borders and
       cotters           32%                        89.000
       villeins          38%                       106.000
       tradesmen         18%                        33.000
       Slaves were by the time of Domesday a rapidly
                                                             ïàñòóõè
vanishing class. (House-servants or shepherds and
                                                              ïàõàðè
ploughmen on the lords’ land.) Borders and cotters were
the holders of small patches of land outside the
                                                             ñèñòåìà
framework of the open-field system. Though most of           îòêðûòûõ
them were serfs, some were recognized as free tenants.       ïîëåé
The villeins, holders of 15—30 acres in the common
fields, were the centre around which the whole life of
the manor revolved. Their services were regularized and


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