Механика грунтов. Пьянков С.А - 31 стр.

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ɧɟɣɧɨ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ-
ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɟ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɚɞɤɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɋɉ50–101–2004 «ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ
ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ».
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.6.
Ɋɢɫ. 5.6. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
1. ɋɬɪɨɢɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.
2. Ɋɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ b ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧ-
ɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ:
x
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ bh
i
4,0d' ;
x
ɫɥɨɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ.
3. ɋɬɪɨɢɦ ɷɩɸɪɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ:
¦
n
i
iizgzg
h
JVV
0
, (5.2)
ɝɞɟ
i
J
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ i-ɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ.
i
h
ɬɨɥɳɢɧɚ (ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ) i-ɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ.
d
zg
JV
0
,
ɝɞɟ
J
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ;
d – ɝɥɭɛɢɧɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ.
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ
d
zg
JV
0
Ɋ
2
Ɋ
1
Ɋ
3
Ɋ
i
P
i
zp
DV
¦
n
i
iizgzg
h
JVV
0
Ɋ
d
h
1
h
2
h
3
h
i
b
62
4. ɋɬɪɨɢɦ ɷɩɸɪɭ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɷɩɸɪɭ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɫɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɟ ɤɨɬɥɨɜɚɧɚ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɷɩɸɪɵ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɵ:
P
i
zp
DV
, (5.3)
0zgz
i
VDV
J
,
ɝɞɟ
ANP
ɝɪɮ
/)(
¦
,,,,
,,
VV
– ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɨɣ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ;
,,
N
– ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ;
,,
ɮ
V
– ɜɟɫ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ;
,,
ɝɪ
V
– ɜɟɫ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɭɩɚɯ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ;
)/2,/( bzblf
[KD
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɭɛɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ (ɩ. 4.3 ɬɚɛɥ. 4.2).
5. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ
ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɨɲɜɵ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ
zgzp
VV
2,0d
.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɸ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɧɚɯɨ-
ɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ ɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ȿ < 5 Ɇɉɚ (50 ɤɝɫ/ɫɦ
2
) ɢɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɡɚɥɟɝɚɟɬ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɢɠɟ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ z = Hc, ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ,
ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ
zgzp
VV
1,0d
.
6. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɨɫɚɞɤɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢ:
¦
'
n
i
i
iz
ɫɪ
zp
E
h
S
ii
1
)(
J
VV
E
, (5.4)
ɝɞɟ 8,0
E
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ;
n – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɜɨɲɟɞɲɢɯ ɜ ɫɠɢɦɚɟɦɭɸ ɬɨɥɳɭ;
i
h' – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɦ;
E
i
– ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ, ɤɉɚ;
ɫɪ
zp
i
V
– ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɹ, ɤɉɚ.
7. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ S < S
U
.
Ⱦɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ
1. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɦɢ.
2. Ɉɫɚɞɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ max P
z
– ɩɨɞ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ.
3. ɇɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɥɨɢɫɬɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ P
z
.
4. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ (6 ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ), ɦɵ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ P
z
(5 ɤɨɦɩ. ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ).
5. ɇɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɧɬɚ.
6. ɇɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ, ɧɢɠɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɝɪɭɧɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ.
zgzp
VV
2,0d
zgzp
VV
1,0
d
ɩɪɢ ȿ
0
5 Ɇɉɚ
ɩɪɢ ȿ
0
< 5 Ɇɉɚ

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