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53
When the soul wishes to return to visit familiar scenes on earth, it
enters the body of a bird or an animal, or perhaps it blossoms as a
flower. It may also visit the tomb as the ba and reanimate the mummy
and go forth to gaze on scenes that were familiar and dear in other days.
The souls of dead men whom Osiris condemns, because of sins
committed on earth, are subjected to terrible tortures before they are
devoured by the animal gods who crouch, waiting, in the silent and aw-
ful hall of judgment.
Tasks
1. Look through three chapters and give the Russian equiva-
lents to the following words.
1. tomb
2. seer
3. ghost
4. grave
5. to haunt
6. fame
7. inscription
8. descendent
9. to perpetuate
10. spell
11. to conjure up
12. invocation
13. wizard
14. to decay
15. interment
16. riddance
17. embalming
18. mummy
19. mourner
20. to wail
21. peril
22. formidable
23. hospitality
24. paradise
25. justice
26. to devour
27. scale
28. torture
29. to condemn
30. to acquit
Tasks to chapter 1
1. Read the statements and decide if they are true or false.
1. Only people were believed to possess a ka.
2. Humans could observe their own souls wandering about.
3. The statues of kings were intended both to give material body
to soul and to praise the deceased.
4. Ancient Egyptians believed their shadows to be their mind.
5. Nowadays people have two names to protect themselves from
evil spirit.
54
2. Answer the questions.
1. How can we guess what early people thought about human
personality?
2. In what way were dreams explained?
3. Why did ancient people try not to neglect the ka or ghost?
4. What would happen to a person whose shadow was offended?
5. Who could cast out evil spirit?
Tasks to chapter 2
1. Read the statements and decide if they are true or false.
1. Throughout all Egypt history the body was never protected
from decay.
2. Dismemberment was replaced by embalming.
3. The words of pity were said into the ears of the corpse.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What caused such a variety of soul concepts?
2. How did Egyptians make the soul leave the body quickly?
3. What did the cost of embalming depend on? Why, in your
opinion, was the described method of embalming the costliest?
4. What particular was in four jars?
3. Read the description of funeral procession and interpret it
into Russian.
Tasks to chapter 3
1. Read the statements and decide if they are true or false.
1. To return to tomb the soul should accept an offer by goddess.
2. The most formidable enemy of the soul was a gigantic tortoise.
3. In the end of the soul’s trip it was awaited by magic boat.
4. The pilgrim soul repented all its sins standing before the gates.
5. The souls of condemned dead men were returned to tomb.
2. Answer the questions.
1. What was the journey of the soul so dangerous for?
When the soul wishes to return to visit familiar scenes on earth, it 2. Answer the questions. enters the body of a bird or an animal, or perhaps it blossoms as a 1. How can we guess what early people thought about human flower. It may also visit the tomb as the ba and reanimate the mummy personality? and go forth to gaze on scenes that were familiar and dear in other days. 2. In what way were dreams explained? The souls of dead men whom Osiris condemns, because of sins 3. Why did ancient people try not to neglect the ka or ghost? committed on earth, are subjected to terrible tortures before they are 4. What would happen to a person whose shadow was offended? devoured by the animal gods who crouch, waiting, in the silent and aw- 5. Who could cast out evil spirit? ful hall of judgment. Tasks to chapter 2 Tasks 1. Read the statements and decide if they are true or false. 1. Look through three chapters and give the Russian equiva- 1. Throughout all Egypt history the body was never protected lents to the following words. from decay. 2. Dismemberment was replaced by embalming. 1. tomb 11. to conjure up 21. peril 3. The words of pity were said into the ears of the corpse. 2. seer 12. invocation 22. formidable 3. ghost 13. wizard 23. hospitality 2. Answer the questions. 4. grave 14. to decay 24. paradise 1. What caused such a variety of soul concepts? 5. to haunt 15. interment 25. justice 2. How did Egyptians make the soul leave the body quickly? 6. fame 16. riddance 26. to devour 3. What did the cost of embalming depend on? Why, in your 7. inscription 17. embalming 27. scale opinion, was the described method of embalming the costliest? 8. descendent 18. mummy 28. torture 4. What particular was in four jars? 9. to perpetuate 19. mourner 29. to condemn 10. spell 20. to wail 30. to acquit 3. Read the description of funeral procession and interpret it into Russian. Tasks to chapter 1 Tasks to chapter 3 1. Read the statements and decide if they are true or false. 1. Read the statements and decide if they are true or false. 1. Only people were believed to possess a ka. 1. To return to tomb the soul should accept an offer by goddess. 2. Humans could observe their own souls wandering about. 2. The most formidable enemy of the soul was a gigantic tortoise. 3. The statues of kings were intended both to give material body 3. In the end of the soul’s trip it was awaited by magic boat. to soul and to praise the deceased. 4. The pilgrim soul repented all its sins standing before the gates. 4. Ancient Egyptians believed their shadows to be their mind. 5. The souls of condemned dead men were returned to tomb. 5. Nowadays people have two names to protect themselves from evil spirit. 2. Answer the questions. 1. What was the journey of the soul so dangerous for? 53 54
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