Лекции по квантовой механике. Розман Г.А. - 157 стр.

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157
Ñîäåðæàíèå
Ïðåäèñëîâèå ................................................................................. 3
Ââåäåíèå ....................................................................................... 5
Ãëàâà 1 .................................................................................. 6
1. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå îñíîâàíèÿ êâàíòîâîé ìåõàíèêè ..... 6
1.1. Ðàçðåøåíèå óëüòðàôèîëåòîâîé êàòàñòðîôû ......... 6
1.2. Ìîäåëè ñòðîåíèÿ àòîìà è êâàíòîâàÿ òåîðèÿ Í.Áîðà ... 7
1.3. Âîëíîâûå è êîðïóñêóëÿðíûå ñâîéñòâà ñâåòà ........... 8
1.4. Êîðïóñêóëÿðíûå è âîëíîâûå ñâîéñòâà ýëåìåíòàðíûõ
÷àñòèö ............................................................................. 9
2. Ãèïîòåçà äå-Áðîéëÿ .......................................................... 11
3. Âîëíîâîé ïàêåò ................................................................. 14
4.Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîå ïîäòâåðæäåíèå ãèïîòåçû äå-Áðîéëÿ
16
5. Ãèïîòåçà Ìàêñà Áîðíà ..................................................... 17
6. Ñîîòíîøåíèÿ íåîïðåäåëåííîñòåé Ãåéçåíáåðãà .............. 20
Ãëàâà 2 ................................................................................ 28
7. Ïîñòóëàòû êâàíòîâîé ìåõàíèêè .................................... 28
8. Ëèíåéíîñòü ýðìèòîâûõ îïåðàòîðîâ ................................ 30
9. Îïåðàòîðû îñíîâíûõ ôèçè÷åñêèõ âåëè÷èí .................... 30
10. Ðåøåíèå ïîëíîãî óðàâíåíèÿ Øðåäèíãåðà .................... 36
11. Çàêîí ïðè÷èííîñòè â êâàíòîâîé ìåõàíèêå ................... 38
12. Äèôôåðåíöèðîâàíèå îïåðàòîðîâ ïî âðåìåíè ............... 39
13. Èíòåãðàëû äâèæåíèÿ ...................................................... 41
14. Óðàâíåíèÿ Ýðíôåñòà ....................................................... 42
15. Ñâÿçü çàêîíîâ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ñ ñèììåòðèåé ïðîñòðàíñòâà
è âðåìåíè ......................................................................... 45
Ãëàâà 3 ................................................................................ 58
16. ×àñòíûå ñëó÷àè ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèÿ Øðåäèíãåðà ...... 58
16.1. Äâèæåíèå ñâîáîäíîé ÷àñòèöû.................................58
16.2. ×àñòèöà â áåñêîíå÷íî ãëóáîêîé ïîòåíöèàëüíîé ÿìå...60
                                    Ñîäåðæàíèå

Ïðåäèñëîâèå ................................................................................. 3
Ââåäåíèå ....................................................................................... 5
Ãëàâà 1 .................................................................................. 6
  1. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûå îñíîâàíèÿ êâàíòîâîé ìåõàíèêè ..... 6
     1.1. Ðàçðåøåíèå “óëüòðàôèîëåòîâîé êàòàñòðîôû” ......... 6
     1.2. Ìîäåëè ñòðîåíèÿ àòîìà è êâàíòîâàÿ òåîðèÿ Í.Áîðà ... 7
     1.3. Âîëíîâûå è êîðïóñêóëÿðíûå ñâîéñòâà ñâåòà ........... 8
     1.4. Êîðïóñêóëÿðíûå è âîëíîâûå ñâîéñòâà ýëåìåíòàðíûõ
          ÷àñòèö ............................................................................. 9
  2. Ãèïîòåçà äå-Áðîéëÿ .......................................................... 11
  3. Âîëíîâîé ïàêåò ................................................................. 14
  4.Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîå ïîäòâåðæäåíèå ãèïîòåçû äå-Áðîéëÿ
      16
  5. Ãèïîòåçà Ìàêñà Áîðíà ..................................................... 17
  6. Ñîîòíîøåíèÿ íåîïðåäåëåííîñòåé Ãåéçåíáåðãà .............. 20
Ãëàâà 2 ................................................................................ 28
  7. Ïîñòóëàòû êâàíòîâîé ìåõàíèêè .................................... 28
  8. Ëèíåéíîñòü ýðìèòîâûõ îïåðàòîðîâ ................................ 30
  9. Îïåðàòîðû îñíîâíûõ ôèçè÷åñêèõ âåëè÷èí .................... 30
  10. Ðåøåíèå ïîëíîãî óðàâíåíèÿ Øðåäèíãåðà .................... 36
  11. Çàêîí ïðè÷èííîñòè â êâàíòîâîé ìåõàíèêå ................... 38
  12. Äèôôåðåíöèðîâàíèå îïåðàòîðîâ ïî âðåìåíè ............... 39
  13. Èíòåãðàëû äâèæåíèÿ ...................................................... 41
  14. Óðàâíåíèÿ Ýðíôåñòà ....................................................... 42
  15. Ñâÿçü çàêîíîâ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ñ ñèììåòðèåé ïðîñòðàíñòâà
       è âðåìåíè ......................................................................... 45
Ãëàâà 3 ................................................................................ 58
  16. ×àñòíûå ñëó÷àè ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèÿ Øðåäèíãåðà ...... 58
      16.1. Äâèæåíèå ñâîáîäíîé ÷àñòèöû.................................58
      16.2. ×àñòèöà â áåñêîíå÷íî ãëóáîêîé ïîòåíöèàëüíîé ÿìå...60

                                               157

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