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bear date; being made by virtue of the pope's authority, the King's command, consent of the Bishop of Salisbury
in whose diocese the Chapel is situated and of the Dean and Chapter of Salisbury.
By the above mentioned authorities, the Bishop of Winchester instituted a College within the Chapel of St
George, consisting of one custos, twelve secular canons, thirteen priests, four clarks, six choristers, and twenty-
four alms-knights, besides other officers. These letters patent were confirmed, and several immunities granted
by Henry VI and Edward IV as also by an act of Parliament, of the 22d of Edward IV. Several statutes were
likewise made for perpetuating and well governing this College, by Henry VIII, Edward VI and Queen Eliza-
beth; and the present establishments on this foundation are as follows.
A Dean, who is president over the rest of the College, both in civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction. He is pre-
sented by the King, and instituted by the Bishop of Winchester.
Twelve canons, or prebendaries, who, with the dean, constitute the legislative body of this College. These
also are presented to their prebends by the King, but instituted and installed by the Dean or his deputy.
Seven minor canons, who, at their admission, according to the statutes of the College, are bound to be Dea-
cons, and at the next time appointed for ordination, to be ordained priests. Each of these canons had at first but
the annual pension of eight pounds sterling; but this was increased by Edward IV and Queen Elizabeth, and
since by the College, to thirty pounds per annum. In addition to this, the late Mr. Isaac Chapman, minor canon
of this Chapel, who died February 8, 1781, bequeathed ten pounds a year to each of the minor canons; so that, if
we include the value of their houses, which some of them let, their annual income may be estimated at about
sixty pounds.
Thirteen clerks, who, after the foundation of the College by Edward III were taken into the choir, for the
service thereof. One of them being organist, has a double clerks place, and is therefore accounted as two of the
thirteen; their salaries are twenty-two pounds ten shilling per annum each. These also have each a house al-
lowed them.
Ten choristers; these were appointed for the further service of the Choir, for which, the six seniors have a
stipend of twelve shillings, and the four juniors six shillings a month. Formerly there were only eight of these,
which is the reason the pay of the four younger ones is but half what it was originally.
The officers appointed for the business of the College, are a steward, treasurer, steward of the courts, chap-
ter-clerk, chanter, and verger; two sextons, two bell-ringers, a clock keeper, and a porter.
POOR KNIGHTS
Words and Expressions
– milites pauperes – военные, получающие пособие по бедности
– an alms-knight – рыцарь на содержании
– to decay – угасать, расстраиваться (о силах, здоровье и т.п.)
– a testament – завещание
– pecuniary – выражаемый в деньгах, исчисляемый деньгами
– a legacy – наследство
– residue – остаток, наследство, очищенное от долгов и налогов
– chattels – движимое имущество
– an heir – наследник, преемник, продолжатель
– mortmain – "мертвая рука" (владение недвижимостью без права передачи)
– to defray – оплачивать, платить
King Edward III out of the great respect he had for those who behaved themselves bravely in his wars, yet
afterwards became reduced in their circumstances, took care to provide an honourable asylum, and comfortable
subsistence for them in their old age, by uniting them under one corporation and joint body with the custom and
canons. These were called milites pauperes, and since poor, or alms-knights. The number at first was twenty-
four. On account of some difference between the dean and canons, and the alms-knights, by an act of the 22d of
Edward IV it was enacted, that the death and canons, and their successors, should be for ever quit and dis-
charged from all manner of charge, of, or for, the said knights; and Queen Elizabeth, immediately after her
coming to the throne, agreeable to the will of her father, King Henry VIII, made a special foundation for thir-
teen poor men, decayed in wars, and such like service of the realm, to be called the Thirteen Knights of Win-
dsor, and there kept in succession. Her Majesty likewise established certain rules and orders for the well gov-
erning the said Knights; and appointed the dean and canons, and their successors, to enforce their observance of
the said rules.
