Современные методы исследования и описания кристаллических структур. Самойлов А.М. - 9 стр.

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ВУЗ:

ВГУ | Воронеж

Составители:

Самойлов А.М.

Рубрика:

Физика твёрдого тела

©hljZ`_gguoª -

HH’’

. Ba jbkmgdZ \b^gh qlh dZ`^uc ke_^mxsbcemqgZijbf_j

^he`_gijhclbimlvgZ

[hevrbcih

kjZ\g_gbxk ij_^u^msbf  \ gZr_f kemqZ_ emqhf

.  Ijb wlhf hq_\b^gh qlh

x = d

sin

ΘΘ

]^_

ΘΘ

-m]heiZ^_gbybhljZ`_gbyemq_cGhg_\kydbcm]he

y\ey_lky[jw]]h\kdb f

m]ehf

ΘΘ

^eydhlhjh]h\hafh`ghh[jZah\Zgb_©hljZ`_ggh]hª j_ne_dkZLZddZd\k_emqb

f_`^m njhglhf iZ^_gby

HH’

 b njhglhf hljZ`_gby ijhoh^yl jZagu_ imlb b m njhglZ

hljZ`_gby hgb ^he`gu bgl_jn_jbjh\Zlv lh h[jZah\Zlvky hljZ`_gguc j_ne_dk fh`_l

lhevdh\lhfkemqZ__kebj_amevlbjmxsZyZfieblm^Z\k_oemq_c[m^_lhlebqgZhlgmeyZ

ijZdlbq_kdb - ^hklZlhqgh agZqbl_evgZ qlh[u[ulvaZj_]bkljbjh\Zgghc Ijb hljZ`_gbb

ijbfblb\ghc j_r_ldhc h[gZjm`b\Z_lky qlh ^ey wlh]h

 ^he`gh [ulv jZ\gh p_ehfm

qbkem^ebg\heg

beb

λλ

Lh]^Z

λλ

= 2 d

hkl

sin

ΘΘ

( 1.8 )

LZdbfh[jZahfihemqZ_lkymjZ\g_gb_<mevnZ-;jw]]Z

DZd\b^ghgZjbkd, ijbwlhf\k_emqbkh\iZ^ZxlihnZa_nZah\ucm]hejZ\_gb

kha^Zxlky hilbfZevgu_ mkeh\by ^ey©hljZ`_gbyª ?keb m\_ebqblv m]he iZ^_gby lZd

qlh[u

 klZeh

λλ

 gZijbf_j 

λλ

Ba jbk  k hq_\b^gh qlh \hagbdZxl emqb \

ijhlb\hiheh`guonZaZobj_amevlbjmxsZyZfieblm^ZdZ`^uoq_luj_oemq_cjZ\gZgmex

Bf__lf_klhih]ZkZgb_j_ne_dkZ

Fgh`bl_ev

 gZau\Zxl ihjy^dhf ki_dljZ LZd dZd

sin

ΘΘ

= n

λλ

/2d

hkl

 lhijb

nbdkbjh\ZgguoagZq_gbyo

λλ

hkl

\a Z\bkbfhklbhlagZq_gbc

kbgmkm]eZ^bnjZdpbb

sin

ΘΘ

ijbgbfZ_l jZagu_ agZq_gby ijhihjpbhgZevgu_ wlbfqbkeZf  ?keb ^ey

= 1

sin

ΘΘ

= 0,300 (

ΘΘ

= 17

27’

lh^ey

= 2

sin

ΘΘ

= 0,600 (

ΘΘ

= 36 52’

^ey

= 3

sin

ΘΘ

= 0,900 (

ΘΘ

= 76 10’

>ey

= 4

sin

ΘΘ

 j_ne_dk g_\hafh`_g >Z`_ _keb ijb

= 1

sin

ΘΘ

 hq_gv fZe dZd \

ijb\_^_gghfijbf_j_ijZdlbq_kdb\hagbdZxlki_dljuebrvi_j\uo

lj_oihjy^dh\?keb`_

sin

ΘΘ

i_j\h]hj_ne_dkZ[hevr_l_

ΘΘ

76 10’ ),

lhhljZ`_gby^Z`_\lhjh]hihjy^dZhl^Zggh]h

hkl

g_\hafh`gu

sin

ΘΘ

1 ).

Ijb bamq_gbb ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo fhgh]jZnbc beb hjb]bgZevguo klZl_c \

i_jbh^bq_kdhc i_qZlb ihk\ys_gguo ijh[e_fZf bkke_^h\Zgby djbklZeebq_kdhc

kljmdlmjuf_lh^hfj_gl]_gh\kdh]hZgZebaZfh`_l

                                                6
©hljZ`_gguoª - HH’’. Ba jbkmgdZ \b^gh qlh dZ`^uc ke_^mxsbc  emq   gZijbf_j  2,

^he`_gijhclbimlvgZ2x[hevrbcih

kjZ\g_gbx  k ij_^u^msbf  \ gZr_f kemqZ_ emqhf 1.  Ijb wlhf hq_\b^gh qlh x = d

sinΘ]^_Θ -m]heiZ^_gbybhljZ`_gbyemq_cGhg_\kydbcm]heα y\ey_lky[jw]]h\kdbf
m]ehf Θ^eydhlhjh]h\hafh`ghh[jZah\Zgb_©hljZ`_ggh]hªj_ne_dkZLZddZd\k_emqb

f_`^m njhglhf iZ^_gby HH’ b njhglhf hljZ`_gby ijhoh^yl jZagu_ imlb b m njhglZ
hljZ`_gby hgb ^he`gu bgl_jn_jbjh\Zlv lh h[jZah\Zlvky hljZ`_gguc j_ne_dk fh`_l
lhevdh\lhfkemqZ__kebj_amevlbjmxsZyZfieblm^Z\k_oemq_c[m^_lhlebqgZhlgmeyZ
ijZdlbq_kdb - ^hklZlhqgh agZqbl_evgZ qlh[u [ulv aZj_]bkljbjh\Zgghc Ijb hljZ`_gbb
ijbfblb\ghc j_r_ldhc h[gZjm`b\Z_lky qlh ^ey wlh]h 2x ^he`gh [ulv jZ\gh p_ehfm

qbkem^ebg\heg, beb nλ. Lh]^Z

      n λ = 2 dhkl sinΘ                                     ( 1.8 )
     LZdbfh[jZahfihemqZ_lkymjZ\g_gb_ λ gZijbf_j λ. Ba jbk  k hq_\b^gh qlh \hagbdZxl emqb \
ijhlb\hiheh`guonZaZobj_amevlbjmxsZyZfieblm^ZdZ`^uoq_luj_oemq_cjZ\gZgmex
Bf__lf_klhih]ZkZgb_j_ne_dkZ

     Fgh`bl_ev n gZau\Zxl ihjy^dhf ki_dljZ LZd dZd sinΘ = nλ/2dhkl  lh  ijb

nbdkbjh\ZgguoagZq_gbyo λ b dhkl \aZ\bkbfhklbhlagZq_gbcn kbgmkm]eZ^bnjZdpbb

sinΘ ijbgbfZ_l jZagu_ agZq_gby ijhihjpbhgZevgu_ wlbf  qbkeZf  ?keb ^ey n = 1
sinΘ = 0,300 ( Θ = 17h 27’ lh^eyn = 2
sinΘ = 0,600 ( Θ = 36h 52’ ^eyn = 3 sinΘ = 0,900 ( Θ = 76h 10’ >ey
n = 4 sinΘ >  j_ne_dk g_\hafh`_g >Z`_ _keb ijb n = 1 sinΘ  hq_gv fZe dZd \
ijb\_^_gghfijbf_j_ijZdlbq_kdb\hagbdZxlki_dljuebrvi_j\uo


lj_oihjy^dh\?keb`_sinΘ i_j\h]hj_ne_dkZ[hevr_ l_Θ > 76h 10’ ),

lhhljZ`_gby^Z`_\lhjh]hihjy^dZhl^Zggh]hdhkl g_\hafh`gu sinΘ > 1 ).
     Ijb bamq_gbb ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo fhgh]jZnbc beb hjb]bgZevguo klZl_c \
i_jbh^bq_kdhc i_qZlb ihk\ys_gguo ijh[e_fZf bkke_^h\Zgby djbklZeebq_kdhc
kljmdlmjuf_lh^hfj_gl]_gh\kdh]hZgZebaZfh`_l

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Современные методы исследования и описания кристаллических структур. Самойлов А.М. - 9 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ:

Самойлов А.М.

Физика твёрдого тела

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