Химия дефектов. Семенова Г.В - 13 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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13
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l_jfh^bgZfbq_kdZy \_jhylghklv kbkl_fuiha\hey_l ihemqblv l_fi_jZlmj
gmxaZ\bkbfhklvjZ\gh\_kghcdhgp_gljZpbb^_n_dlh\lh]hbebbgh]hlbiZ
>eyjZamihjy^hq_gbyihRhlldbfheyjgZy^hey\ZdZgkbc[
V
jZ\gZ
x
V
= exp [
∆
S
/ k] exp [ - ∆H
V
/ kT ] , (2)
]^_∆H
V
-wglZevibyh[jZah\Zgby\ZdZgkbc ∆S -dhe_[Zl_evgZywgljhibyIh
ke_^gxx oZjZdl_jbklbdm fh`gh mijhs_ggh hij_^_eblv k ihfhsvx hlghr_gby
qZklhldhe_[Zgbcj_r_ldbb^_Zevgh]hνb^_n_dlgh]hν′)djbklZeeZ
∆S
= k z ln ν / ν′
(z -dhhj^bgZpbhggh_qbkehj_r_ldb
>ey ^_n_dlh\ Nj_gd_ey l_fi_jZlmjgZy aZ\bkbfhklv jZ\gh\_kghc dhgp_g
ljZpbblZd`_hij_^_ey_lkywglZevib_cijhp_kkZ^_n_dlhh[jZah\Zgby∆H
F
baZ\b
kbl hlbaf_g_gby dhe_[Zl_evghc wgljhibb∆S
?keb1-qbkehmaeh\ Z1′ -
qbkehf_`^hmaebcdjbklZeeZlhdhebq_kl\h^_n_dlh\Nj_gd_eyQ
n= √ N N′ exp [ ∆S
/ 2k] exp [ - ∆H
F
/ 2kT ]. (3)
Ihkdhevdmbaf_g_gb_ dhe_[Zl_evghc wgljhibb ijbh[jZah\Zgbb^_n_dlh\
dZdijZ\beh^Z_lf_gvrbc\deZ^\\_ebqbgmQq_fkhhl\_lkl\mxsb_wglZevibb
h[jZah\Zgbylhbodhgp_gljZpbyhij_^_ey_lky\i_j\mxhq_j_^v\_ebqbghc∆H.
LZd\f_lZeeZo∆S
khklZ\ey_l\_ebqbgm-N^eyihemijh\h^gbdh\bbhg
guodjbklZeeh\-^hNIjbihemq_gbbhp_ghqguo^Zgguohq_gvqZklhiheZ
]Zxli_j\uckhfgh`bl_ev\mjZ\g_gbyojZ\guf_^bgbp_
<hijhku
1. Ihq_fm \ jZfdZof_lh^Z Zlhfguo kljmdlmjguo we_f_glh\f_lh^Z Dj_]_jZ
ijboh^blkyihevah\Zlvkywnn_dlb\gufobfbq_kdbfihl_gpbZehf^_n_dlh\ ζ
i
?
Fh`ghebhoZjZdl_jbah\Zlv^_n_dlubklbggufobfbq_kdbfihl_gpbZehfijb
bkihevah\Zgbbkbkl_fuJbaZ" 
                                             13


(W - l_jfh^bgZfbq_kdZy \_jhylghklv kbkl_fu  iha\hey_l ihemqblv l_fi_jZlmj
gmxaZ\bkbfhklvjZ\gh\_kghcdhgp_gljZpbb^_n_dlh\lh]hbebbgh]hlbiZ
      >eyjZamihjy^hq_gbyihRhlldbfheyjgZy^hey\ZdZgkbc[VjZ\gZ
                   xV = exp [ ∆Sdhe / k] exp [ - ∆HV / kT ] ,           (2)
]^_ ∆HV - wglZeviby h[jZah\Zgby \ZdZgkbc ∆Sdhe - dhe_[Zl_evgZy wgljhiby Ih
ke_^gxx oZjZdl_jbklbdm fh`gh mijhs_ggh hij_^_eblv k ihfhsvx hlghr_gby
qZklhldhe_[Zgbcj_r_ldbb^_Zevgh]h ν b^_n_dlgh]h ν′)djbklZeeZ
                   ∆Sdhe = k z ln ν / ν′
(z -dhhj^bgZpbhggh_qbkehj_r_ldb 
      >ey ^_n_dlh\ Nj_gd_ey l_fi_jZlmjgZy aZ\bkbfhklv jZ\gh\_kghc dhgp_g
ljZpbblZd`_hij_^_ey_lkywglZevib_cijhp_kkZ^_n_dlhh[jZah\Zgby∆HFbaZ\b
kbl hl baf_g_gby dhe_[Zl_evghc wgljhibb ∆Sdhe  ?keb  1 - qbkeh maeh\ Z  1′ -
qbkehf_`^hmaebcdjbklZeeZlhdhebq_kl\h^_n_dlh\Nj_gd_eyQ
             n= √ N N′ exp [ ∆Sdhe / 2k] exp [ - ∆HF / 2kT ].         (3)
      Ihkdhevdm baf_g_gb_ dhe_[Zl_evghc wgljhibb ijb h[jZah\Zgbb ^_n_dlh\
dZdijZ\beh^Z_lf_gvrbc\deZ^\\_ebqbgmQq_fkhhl\_lkl\mxsb_wglZevibb
h[jZah\Zgbylhbodhgp_gljZpbyhij_^_ey_lky\i_j\mxhq_j_^v\_ebqbghc∆H.
LZd\f_lZeeZo∆SdhekhklZ\ey_l\_ebqbgm-N^eyihemijh\h^gbdh\bbhg
guodjbklZeeh\-^hNIjbihemq_gbbhp_ghqguo^Zgguohq_gvqZklhiheZ
]Zxli_j\uckhfgh`bl_ev\mjZ\g_gbyo    jZ\guf_^bgbp_

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