Химия дефектов. Семенова Г.В - 21 стр.

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21
kvxlhkjhklhfkh^_j`Zgbyijbf_kbjZkl_lbijh\h^bfhklvJZkl\hj_gb_`_Zd
p_ilhjghcijbf_kbihf_oZgbafmdhgljhebjm_fuoZlhfguo^_n_dlh\
Na
2
O
↔
2 Na
′
Fe
+ O
×
O
+ V
••
O
(
→
2 FeO )
y\ey_lkyg_[eZ]hijbylguf\mkeh\byoba[uldZdbkehjh^Zihkdhevdm\ZdZgkbb
dbkehjh^ZZggb]bebjmxl9
••
O
+ 1/2 O
2
(g)
↔
O
×
O
+ 2 h
•
.
>eyijbf_kb
-
^hghjZf_oZgbafdhgljhebjm_fuowe_dljhgguo^_n_dlh\j_Z
ebam_lky\mkeh\byoihgb`_ggh]h^Z\e_gbyiZjZ
Cr
2
O
3
+
2 h
•
↔
2 Cr
•
Fe
+ 2 O
×
O
+ 1/2 O
2
(g)
(
→
2 FeO )
<\_^_gb_\djbklZee^\moihklhjhggbo]_l_jh\Ze_glguoijbf_k_cjZaebq
gh]hagZdZfh`_lijb\_klbdwnn_dlmdhfi_gkZpbbaZjy^h\dh]^ZdjbklZeehdZ
`_lky\j_amevlZl_e_]bjh\Zgbyg_ijh\h^ysbfGZijbf_jh^gh\j_f_ggh_e_]b
jh\Zgb_kmevnb^ZdZ^fby^hghjghcbZdp_ilhjghcijbf_kyfbijb\h^bldlhfm
qlhdjbklZeeijbh[j_lZ_lk\hckl\ZbaheylhjZ
Ga
2
S
3
+ Cu
2
S
↔
2 Ga
•
Cd
+ 2 Cu
′
Cd
+ 4 S
×
S
(
→
4 CdS )
<hijhku
1.
AZ\bkblebl_fi_jZlmjZi_j_oh^Z³ijbf_kgZyijh\h^bfhklv
–
kh[kl\_ggZyijh
\h^bfhklv´hlmjh\gye_]bjh\ZgbydjbklZeeZdhgp_gljZpbb\\_^_gghcijbf_
kb"
2.
GZah\bl_ mkeh\by nhjfbjh\Zgby g_ij_ju\guo b h]jZgbq_gguo l\_j^uo jZk
l\hjh\
3.
<kemqZ_dZdh]hf_oZgbafZh[jZah\Zgbyl\_j^h]hjZkl\hjZfh`_l[ulvj_Zeb
ah\ZgZg_ij_ju\gZyjZkl\hjbfhklv"
                                         21


kvxlhkjhklhfkh^_j`Zgbyijbf_kbjZkl_lbijh\h^bfhklvJZkl\hj_gb_`_Zd
p_ilhjghcijbf_kbihf_oZgbafmdhgljhebjm_fuoZlhfguo^_n_dlh\
            Na2O ↔ 2 Na′Fe + O×O + V••O
            ( → 2 FeO )
y\ey_lkyg_[eZ]hijbylguf\mkeh\byoba[uldZdbkehjh^Zihkdhevdm\ZdZgkbb
dbkehjh^ZZggb]bebjmxl9••O + 1/2 O2(g) ↔ O×O + 2 h•.
     >eyijbf_kb-^hghjZf_oZgbafdhgljhebjm_fuowe_dljhgguo^_n_dlh\j_Z
ebam_lky\mkeh\byoihgb`_ggh]h^Z\e_gbyiZjZ
            Cr2O3 + 2 h• ↔ 2 Cr•Fe + 2 O×O + 1/2 O2 (g)
            ( → 2 FeO )
     <\_^_gb_\djbklZee^\moihklhjhggbo]_l_jh\Ze_glguoijbf_k_cjZaebq
gh]hagZdZfh`_lijb\_klbdwnn_dlmdhfi_gkZpbbaZjy^h\dh]^ZdjbklZeehdZ
`_lky\j_amevlZl_e_]bjh\Zgbyg_ijh\h^ysbfGZijbf_jh^gh\j_f_ggh_e_]b
jh\Zgb_kmevnb^ZdZ^fby^hghjghcbZdp_ilhjghcijbf_kyfbijb\h^bldlhfm
qlhdjbklZeeijbh[j_lZ_lk\hckl\ZbaheylhjZ
            Ga2S3 + Cu2S ↔ 2 Ga•Cd + 2 Cu′Cd + 4 S×S
            ( → 4 CdS )

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