My speciality. Шепелева М.А - 24 стр.

      3.5 Text 5 De Forest and Herrold

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        All about the some time, a third brilliant and likewise financially naive
inventor, Lee De Forest, improved on J. Ambrose Fleming's two-element tube by
placing a grid between the tube's filament and plate, all of which were encased
within a glass housing. When a small electrical voltage was applied to this grid, the
flow of electrons between filament and plate could be much more precisely
controlled. De Forest's triode (three-element) tube, in short, provided the means by
which weak electromagnetic signals could be greatly strengthened.
        Taking his invention (now called the Au-dion tube) to France in 1908, De
Forest transmitted voice communication (radio telephony) from the top of the
Eiffel Tower to receivers up to 500 miles away. Two years later back in the United
States, he placed a transmitter in the attic of New York's Metropolitan Opera and
carried the vocal artistry of Italian tenor Enrico Caruso to listeners around the city
and to ships at sea. Such events gained De Forest, and what would become radio, a
great deal of publicity. Unfortunately, unscrupulous business associates and
running battles over his patents subsequently consumed much of De Forest's
strength and activity. Even though his Audion tube became an essential ingredient
in the development of a reliable broadcasting apparatus, De Forest, like
Stubblefield and Fessenden, was unable to convert his electrical genius into
business success. De Forest's accomplishments were duly noted by the NAB a
half-century Meanwhile, on the West Coast, inventor Charles D. Herrold was
introducing the citizens of San Jose, California, to the phenomenon. Using an
umbrella antenna strung in all directions from the top of a downtown bank
building, Herrold began transmissions in 1909 to publicize his own School of
Engineering. Soon his Wednesday evening programs attracted a considerable local
following, and schoolchildren were brought to the station to see this new scientific
marvel that could be heard forty miles away in San Francisco. In fact, when Lee
De Forest exhibited his reception equipment at the 1915 Panama Pacific
Exposition in that city, Herrold's San Jose station was the source of the
programming.
        Like virtually all similar radio activities, Herrold's station was shut down
by wartime.

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Development of the Computer
      Tables of Contents:
      The First Generation: Vacuum Tubes BVMC
      The Second Generation: Transistor
      The Third Generation: Integrated Circuits