My speciality. Шепелева М.А - 27 стр.

were introduced at the beginning of that era: the IBM System/360 and the DEC
PDP-8.
       Read the text, translate it:

         Like the record companies, news services primarily provide individual
pieces of completed content, which the electronic media then as semble into
packages to meet their own needs. As the radio format assembles music selections
into a succession of on-air hours, so the newscast puts together a number of news
service stories to serve the particular interests of its listener or viewership.
        A large outlet (a network or a major market station, for example) gathers
most of the news it uses itself, relying on outside services only for supplemental
material originating outside the area covered by its own reporters. The smaller the
outlet, however, the greater is its dependence on news products from other sources.
A music-heavy FM station, for example, may air only brief newscasts that consist
of nothing more than printed wire service copy "ripped and read" by the station's
talent An alternative may be voiced audio feeds from the same outside supplier that
require only the throwing of a switch to transmit In the United States, the two
major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and the financially troubled
United Press International (DPI). With bureaus and cooperating agencies all over
the world as well as in every region of the country, AP and UPI offer stations (and
a small but increasing number of local cable news shows) a wealth of up-to-the-
minute material at a very economical cost. Both services strive to outdo each other
in making their supplied content user-friendly so that stations can plug it into their
own news programs with the least possible investment of time and personnel. AP
and UP1 wares include everything from the conventional wire copy to complete
voiced newscasts and supplementary audio actualities to spice up a local outlet's
own features.
         With the easy availability of satellite communications and small dishes to
receive them, a number of video news exchanges have also arisen to provide
television outlets with a wealth of visual news inserts. Some of these news
exchanges, such as Visnews, sell their services for a set fee; others, like Hubbard
Broadcasting's Conus Communications, are news exchanges or cooperatives to
which users also contribute stories from their own regions. Whatever the
arrangement, video news services can make even the small market station newscast
seem as visually dynamic as the journalistic products of one of the big three
networks. If this sense of expanded coverage is accomplished at the expense of
local coverage, however, the ultimate benefit to local viewers (and stations) may
be substantially diminished. "Local stations will have to be more local," warns
Gannett Broadcasting news executive Richard Mallary. "That's how to defend
against cable television competition," a task made much more formidable by
CNN's 1991triumph in Persian Gulf War reporting. Nevertheless, argues Post-
Newsweek Stations' executive Jim Snyder, "what impresses people is local
coverage." Finally, in addition to AP, UPI, and the national visual news exchanges,