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stink-bugs щитники
engraver beetle = bark beetle
Text 33
BACTERIA AS "BREADWINNERS"
The lack of fodder protein is being felt over the world.
This problem is topical in the Soviet Union because two-thirds of our land
fall in the zone of so-called risky agriculture: they are constantly subject to
droughts or excessive moisture, affected by permafrost or eroded by winds.
These factors tell on yield capacity.
In the USSR industrial microbiological synthesis of fodder protein has been
devised with a capacity of almost 1.5 million tons a year. However, this satisfies
the ever growing "appetites" of cattle breeding and poultry farming only
partially. This is the reason why a search for ways of a more complete solution
of the problem is still going on.
One of them Is connected, for instance, with the usage of hydro-oxidizing
bacteria. They grow precipitously: a twofold increase of their biomass takes
place every 120 minutes. The content of a highly valuable, in relation to its
amino-acid composition, protein in bacteria's cells amounts to around 70-75 par
cent. The raw material base for the production of hydrogen bacteria is virtually
inexhaustible: the case in question Is the biosynthesis of protein from carbon
dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen and some mineral elements.
They are everywhere. Carbon dioxide is an associate or many industries and
oxygen can be easily extracted from the atmosphere. Hydrogen can be obtained
through the electrolysis of water though this process is rather expensive.
That is why a search for alternative variants is being continued. It concerns,
in particular, the thermochemical processing of lignites whose stocks in Siberia
amount to 600 billion tons.With the numerous "pros" concerning the use of coal
for obtaining protein there were serious "cons". The mixed gas obtained during
the thermochemical process contains up to 60 per cent hydrogen but at the same
time there is carbon monoxide in it. Soviet bio-physicists have worked out new
technology of growing microorganisms when bacteria utilize successfully
carbon monoxide as a source of energy thereby turning the enemy into an ally
and making the process more efficient. The biomass of hydro-oxidizing bacteria
which is currently being produced experimentally, has been used for several
years of feed livestock, poultry and fur-bearing animals as a substitute (90-100
per cent of the required amount) for feeds of animal extraction. This provides
the opportunity of making available a great amount of such valuable fodders as
fish and meat-and-bone meal, milk, fish and meat products.
68
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