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rooftops, and is assisted by many mischievous helpers called 'zwarte Pieten' (black Peters).
In some parts of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, this frightening Knecht Ruprecht also
appears, to the chagrin of many children.
In Germany, Christmas traditions vary by region. Following Saint Nicholas Day,
which is mostly for children, the actual Christmas gift-giving usually takes place on the
night of Christmas eve, with gifts put under the Christmas tree after a simple meal. The
culinary feast typically takes place at lunch on Dec. 25, and usually involves poultry
(typically roast goose). The gifts may be brought by the Weihnachtsmann, who resembles
St. Nicholas, or by the Christkind, a sprite-like child who may or may not represent the baby
Jesus. Commercially, the Striezelmarkt is arguably a worldwide Christmas gift production
center, boasting the specialities of the Dresden region, from ceramics and prints to various
delicacies which are shipped worldwide.
In Sweden, businesses traditionally invite their employees to a Christmas
smцrgеsbordlunch (the julbord or jullunch) in the weeks before Christmas. In recognition of
the threat of holiday food poisoning, Swedish newspapers traditionally run seasonal
laboratory tests of restaurant jullunches, warning of the danger of cold meats and
mayonnaise left out at room temperature. Christmas is as everywhere a holiday of food,
with the central Christmas feast focused on baked ham, but there are wide regional
variations as to what day it is best served. The most entrenched and nationally unifying
Swedis h Chris tmas custom is perhaps that of watching a Disney special at 3 PM on
Christmas Eve.
The Norwegian Christmas celebration begins with feasting on Dec. 24, followed by a
visit by "Julenissen", who brings gifts to children who have behaved. After a quiet Dec. 25,
another large celebration follows on Boxing Day, when children may go door to door to
receive treats and money from neighbors. Joulupukki (or Christmas Goat) is the Finnish
Santa Claus. He travels with a sleigh and reindeer to deliver gifts to good children.
Eastern Europe and Russia
In Eastern Europe, Slavic countries have the tradition of Ded Moroz ("Grandfather
Frost.") According to legend, he travels in a magical troika, a decorated sleigh drawn by
three horses, and delivers gifts to children. He is thought to descend more from Santa Claus
than from Saint Nicholas.
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