Тематический сборник текстов для чтения (английский язык). Соснина Е.П - 39 стр.

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39
TOPIC 4. HOME COMFORTS, INTERIORS, LIFESTYLES
Text 1. Interior decoration
Interior decoration is the art of decorating a room so it looks good, is easy to use, and
functions well with the existing architecture. The goal of interior decoration is to provide a
certain "feel" for the room; it encompasses applying wallpaper, painting walls and other
surfaces, choosing furniture and fittings, such as light fixtures, and providing other
decorations for the area such as paintings and sculptures.
Interior decorating is done professionally by interior designers or interior decorators,
and by some architects. It is considered a design field.
There is sometimes a distinction made between interior decorating and interior design.
Interior decorating is generally focused more on finishes, such as wallpaper, paint, window
coverings, and furnishings. Interior design tends to be more integrated with the architecture,
and in addition to the above areas, might also be involved in cabinet making, room layout,
window placement, appliance selection, tile and floor selection, and so on.
The role of the interior decorator evolved in the 18th century from the Parisian
marchand-mercier and the upholder in London. In Paris, the gild system that had evolved
since the late Middle Ages prohibited a craftsman from working with a material with which
they had not undergone a formal apprenticeship. Only a marchand-mercier (a "merchant of
goods") could fit Chinese porcelains with gilt-bronze handles and mounts, combine
Japanese lacquer or Sevres porcelain plaques with marquetry and gilt-bronze mounts on
furniture. An early marchand-mercier Gersaint, had his shop-sign painted by Watteau. The
Rococo interior was taken out of the hands of the architect and the painter and put in charge
of the marchand-mercier.
In London, a parallel is the rise of the "upholder," a member of the London Upholders'
Company who increased his design competence from providing upholstery and textiles and
the fittings for funerals, to become responsible for the management of the entire interior. In
the great London furniture-making partnerships, a cabinet-maker is usually paired with an
upholder: Vile and Cobb, Ince and Mayhew, Chippendale and Rannie or Haig.
Palladian architects like William Kent or Matthew Brettingham might provide designs
for walls that would be executed by joiners, stuccoists, painters and upholders but often
their designs were limited to mantelpieces and monumental side tables, which were

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