Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей. Терехова Г.В. - 9 стр.

       Temptation                       Искушение
       Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers Стычка с финскими контрабандистами
       Trustee                           попечитель
       The Depository                    хранилище
       The Engineering Building          инженерный корпус
       Restoration workshops             реставрационные мастерские
       The Trinity                       Троица
       The Travelling Exhibition Society Товарищество передвижных худ.выставок
       The Rooks Have Come                “Грачи прилетели”
       Gala portraits                    парадные портреты
       “The Warriors”                     (зд. “Богатыри”)

         6.1.2 Read the text, translate it

          The State Tretyakov Gallery is a museum of Russian art.It is one of the largest museums in the world.
          The Tretyakov Gallery was founded by Pavel Tretyakov(1832-1898) in the middle of the 19th century. In 1856
Tretyakov bought his first two paintings: ”Temptation” by Shilder and “Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers” by
Khudyakov. This year is considered to be the date of the foundation of the Tretyakov Gallery.
          Pavel Tretyakov is an outstanding person in Russian culture. He was not only a collector, but a patron of the
arts as well. He was interested in paintings, followed the development of art, believed in Russian artists and rejoiced at
their success. Pavel Tretyakov decided to collect the most talented works of Russian realistic painters. The artists
appreciated his attempt to turn his collection into a national gallery and helped him to do that. Pavel Tretyakov started
with the pictures of his contemporaries and later began to collect pieces of ancient art as well. By the 1870s his
collection contained more than fifty paintings. In 1881 the enlarged collection was opened for the public.
          The canvases from the Tretyakov collection were exhibited not only in Russia but also abroad. So in 1862
three pictures from his collection were shown at the International Exhibition in London.
          On September 18, 1892, Pavel Tretyakov presented his collection to the city of Moscow. Since that time the
gallery has borne his name.
          Pavel Tretyakov was a trustee of the gallery till his death. Then the management of the museum was given to
the council appointed by the Moscow Duma. In 1913 Igor Grabar became the director of the Tretyakov Gallery.
          In 1901-1902 the gallery was reconstructed to Victor Vasnetsov`s design.
          After the October revolution the collection was greatly enlarged by paintings from the Moscow Rumyantsev
Museum, the Tsvetkov City Gallery, some nationalized private collections. Ancient icons collected by Ilya Ostroukhov
were added to the stock. Later Ostroukhov became the director of the Tretyakov Gallery.
          Nowadays the collection continues to expand. That is why it was necessary to reconstruct the gallery and to
give it extra floor space. At the beginning of the 1980s the Tretyakov Gallery was closed for reconstruction work. Two
more buildings were added to the gallery: the Depository and the Engineering Building. In 1994 the Tretyakov Gallery
opened its doors for the public. Its interior is very beautiful. Several new halls have appeared. The conditions of
painting storage have been greatly improved.
          The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest research and cultural centres in Russia. Special conferences,
lectures and excursions are arranged in the museum. It has its own restoration workshops, library and archives.
          The Tretyakov Gallery possesses a very rich and fine collection of Russian art from the 12th to the 20th century.
There are magnificent collections of icons, including an icon by Andrei Rublyov called “The Trinity”, paintings by
famous Russian artists such as Fyodor Rokotov, Karl Bryullov, Alexander Ivanov, Ivan Kramskoy, Alexei Savrasov,
Ilya Repin, Nikolay Ghe, Vasily Vereschagin, Vasily Surikov, Ivan Shishkin, Isaac Levitan, Valentin Serov, Mikhail
Vrubel, Mikhail Nesterov and others, and a collection of Russian sculpture.
          Let us speak about some artists and paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery.
          In 1863 fourteen painters –students of the Academy of Arts-refused to paint pictures on religious themes. They
proclaimed a right to choose their own subjects for paintings. These artists, headed by Ivan Kramskoy, left the
Academy. First they organized “a group of painters from St. Petersburg” and then, in 1870, they joined the artists from
Moscow to form “The Travelling Exhibition Society” (the peredvizhiki).
          The leader of the peredvizhniki , Ivan Kramskoy, was a talented portrait painter. There are several works in the
gallery painted by Kramskoy, for example “The Portrait of Leo Tolstoy”. (Pavel Tretyakov wanted to have the portraits
of the most famous Russian people in his gallery. That was why he commissioned the artists to paint their portraits.)
This is one of the best portraits of the writer. We see a person of great intellect, a man who understands everything and
who can create great works. Kramskoy depicted Tolstoy in the peasant’s dark blouse, but this is not important to us. It is
the man himself, his inner world that is important and interesting. Tolstoy took Kramskoy as a prototype for the painter
Mikhailov in his book “Anna Karenina”.
          “The Portrait of Pavel Tretyakov “ is another important work of Ivan Kramskoy. The artist depicted the
founder of the famous gallery, a real Russian patriot who devoted all his life to Russian art. He is a very handsome man,
his face is full of dignity and noble feelings.
          Russian national landscape painting has its origin in Alexei Savrasov`s works. In 1871 he presented his picture
“The Rooks Have Come”. This work was greatly admired by the critics. Savrasov chose a very ordinary subject for his

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