Лекции по теоретической грамматике английского языка. Тивьяева И.В. - 109 стр.

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The old man felt offended; he had been treated unjustly. – causal clause

He pressed the button, something clicked inside. – clause of result

As it can be seen from the above examples, the semantic relations between

clauses are signalled only by the lexical meaning of the words making up the

sentence. This example is illustrative of the interaction between vocabulary and

syntax which should not be overlooked in grammatical analysis.

5. Transition From Simple To Composite Sentences

The notions of simple sentence and composite sentence are well defined and

distinctly opposed to each other, but still some transitional elements can be found

between them. Such sentences are termed transitional or semi-composite. The

following syntactical phenomena can be considered transitional cases:

1) sentences with homogeneous parts (sometimes also termed "contracted

sentences");

2) sentences with a dependent appendix;

3) sentences with secondary predication.

By homogeneous parts of a sentence we mean parts of the same category

(two or more subjects, two or more predicates, two or more objects, etc.), standing

in the same relation to other parts of the sentence (e.g. I invited both my friends

and colleagues.). Some types of sentences with homogeneous parts quite clearly fit

into the general type of simple sentences, but there can be very complicated

structures containing a common subject and homogeneous predicates, each having

its own objects and adverbial modifiers. The reason why we cannot call such

sentences compound is that they have only one subject and thus cannot be

separated into two clauses.

Sentences with a dependent appendix are structures which clearly

overstep the limits of the simple sentence and tend towards the complex sentence,

but which lack an essential feature of a complex sentence. They include: